Study the following questions: 1. Define the terms: transcription, promoter, enhancer, terminator. 2. Describe prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA-polymerases' structure and functions. 3. Describe phases of transcription, explain the processes happening at each phase and their importance. 4. Explain the process, importance and difference of Rho- independent and Rho-dependent termination of transcription. 5. Explain the mechanism of polyadenylation, its importance. 6. Describe the structure of the cap fragment, its synthesis and functions. 7. Describe the splicing mechanism and its meaning. 8. Explain the effect of splicing on gene expression.
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
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