Strands of nucleic acids hybridize to complementary sequences 3 5' 3 5 3 Cool Anneal Heat Denature 5' 3' 5 3 (a) (b) FIGURE 1-13 (a) The two strands of the DNA double helix can be dissociated by heat in aqueous solutions. Upon cooling under controlled conditions, strands reassociate, or hybridize, with their complement. (b) A cloned copy of the human BAPX1 gene was tagged with a green fluorescent dye. The fluorescent-tagged DNA was then denatured and allowed to hybridize to the chromosomes in a single cell. The fluorescent-tagged clone hybridized to the location on chromosome 4 (green fluorescent regions) where the gene is located. [(b) C. Tribioli and T. Lufkin, "Molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping and developmental expression of BAPX1, a novel human homeobox-containing gene homologous to Drosophila bagpipe," Gene, 203, 2, 1997, 225–-233, Fig. 6, © Elsevier.]
Cell Structure
The knowledge and concept about the structure of the cells have changed constantly over the past years. Primarily the scientist defines the cells as a simple membranous sac with fluids and some particles. Researches have now revealed that the cell is the more complex and basic unit of life. There are different types of cells and they also differ in shape and structure. The basic three parts of a cell are cell membrane, cytoplasm, and organelle.
Plant Cell
The smallest functional unit of a living organism is known as the cell. It is composed of cytoplasm enclosed by an outer layer known as the cell membrane. A cell is classified as a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell. A prokaryotic cell does not contain a nucleus, and the genetic material is freely suspended in the cell cytoplasm; for example, bacteria are composed of a prokaryotic cell. Whereas a eukaryotic cell contains a nucleus and membrane-bound cell organelles with a specific function, plants and animal cells are examples of eukaryotic cells.
Plant Cell Types
Plants are made up of a variety of cell types that include both living and dead cells. These cells provide them mechanical and structural support along with the growth of plants. Plant tissue is a group or collection of cells, which are similar in structure and work together to accomplish a specific function. Plant cells are most similar to animal cells, both being eukaryotic cells.
Figure 1-13b shows the human chromosomes in a single
cell. The green dots show the location of a gene called
BAPX1. Is the cell in this figure a sex cell (gamete)?
Explain your answer
![Strands of nucleic acids hybridize to complementary sequences
3
5' 3
5 3
Cool
Anneal
Heat
Denature
5' 3'
5 3
(a)
(b)
FIGURE 1-13 (a) The two strands of the DNA double helix can be dissociated by heat in aqueous
solutions. Upon cooling under controlled conditions, strands reassociate, or hybridize, with their
complement. (b) A cloned copy of the human BAPX1 gene was tagged with a green fluorescent dye.
The fluorescent-tagged DNA was then denatured and allowed to hybridize to the chromosomes in a
single cell. The fluorescent-tagged clone hybridized to the location on chromosome 4 (green
fluorescent regions) where the gene is located. [(b) C. Tribioli and T. Lufkin, "Molecular cloning,
chromosomal mapping and developmental expression of BAPX1, a novel human homeobox-containing gene
homologous to Drosophila bagpipe," Gene, 203, 2, 1997, 225–-233, Fig. 6, © Elsevier.]](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F2a5d405c-1ce5-44d8-ac16-a087a1c75fc1%2F620c27b3-1561-43a3-bb14-45cccb8ff008%2Fyb61tn_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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