Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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Question
Would someone please help me answering questions #1, #3 and #5? Thank you
![**Discussion Questions:**
1) **Elaborate how impurities left on the crucible would affect the calculations.**
2) **List ways to decrease the percent error.**
- It can be reduced by improving both the accuracy and precision. It also includes: using quality equipment, double-checking, calibrating the equipment properly, controlled environment, and most especially properly trained lab staff.
3) **Explain how the percent error would be affected if the sample was contaminated with KCl.**
4) **Write a balanced formula for the reaction of calcium chlorate when heated.**
\[
\text{Ca(ClO}_3\text{)}_2 (s) \rightarrow \text{CaCl}_2 (s) + 3\text{O}_2 (g)
\]
5) **Calculate the theoretical percent of the metal chloride formed in question 4.**](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Faba36de2-3ae3-4f25-b3c7-4d9ac47af9af%2F2c22bbc0-521c-407e-b420-712b1af40604%2Fk0uysr.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Discussion Questions:**
1) **Elaborate how impurities left on the crucible would affect the calculations.**
2) **List ways to decrease the percent error.**
- It can be reduced by improving both the accuracy and precision. It also includes: using quality equipment, double-checking, calibrating the equipment properly, controlled environment, and most especially properly trained lab staff.
3) **Explain how the percent error would be affected if the sample was contaminated with KCl.**
4) **Write a balanced formula for the reaction of calcium chlorate when heated.**
\[
\text{Ca(ClO}_3\text{)}_2 (s) \rightarrow \text{CaCl}_2 (s) + 3\text{O}_2 (g)
\]
5) **Calculate the theoretical percent of the metal chloride formed in question 4.**
![**Chem 180L Composition of Potassium Chlorate: Data Collection**
**A) Mass of crucible and lid**
- 44.324 g
**B) Mass of crucible, lid, and sample**
- 45.661 g
**C) Mass of crucible, lid, and residue after 1st heating**
- 45.168 g
**D) Mass of crucible, lid, and residue after 2nd heating**
- 45.165 g
**E) Mass of potassium chlorate sample (B - A)**
- \(45.661 \text{ g} - 44.324 \text{ g} = 1.337 \text{ g}\)
**F) Mass of oxygen lost after heating (B - D)**
- \(45.661 \text{ g} - 45.165 \text{ g} = 0.496 \text{ g}\)
**G) Mass of residue potassium chloride (D - A)**
- \(45.165 \text{ g} - 44.324 \text{ g} = 0.841 \text{ g}\)
**H) Experimental percent oxygen in the original sample**
\[
\frac{F}{E} \times 100 = \frac{0.496 \text{ g}}{1.337 \text{ g}} \times 100 = 37.10\%
\]
**I) Experimental percent KCl in original sample**
\[
\frac{G}{E} \times 100 = \frac{0.841 \text{ g}}{1.337 \text{ g}} \times 100 = 62.90\%
\]
**J) Theoretical percent oxygen from Pre-lab**
- 39.17%
**K) Theoretical percent KCl from Pre-lab**
- 60.82%
**L) Percent Error of oxygen**
\[
\frac{39.17 - 37.10}{39.17} \times 100 = 5.28\%
\]
**M) Percent Error of KCl**
\[
\frac{60.82 - 62.90}{60.82} \times 100 = -3.42\% \rightarrow 3.42\%
\]
This document outlines the data collection and calculations performed during a lab experiment to determine the composition of potassium chlorate](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Faba36de2-3ae3-4f25-b3c7-4d9ac47af9af%2F2c22bbc0-521c-407e-b420-712b1af40604%2F6hb7sqa.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Chem 180L Composition of Potassium Chlorate: Data Collection**
**A) Mass of crucible and lid**
- 44.324 g
**B) Mass of crucible, lid, and sample**
- 45.661 g
**C) Mass of crucible, lid, and residue after 1st heating**
- 45.168 g
**D) Mass of crucible, lid, and residue after 2nd heating**
- 45.165 g
**E) Mass of potassium chlorate sample (B - A)**
- \(45.661 \text{ g} - 44.324 \text{ g} = 1.337 \text{ g}\)
**F) Mass of oxygen lost after heating (B - D)**
- \(45.661 \text{ g} - 45.165 \text{ g} = 0.496 \text{ g}\)
**G) Mass of residue potassium chloride (D - A)**
- \(45.165 \text{ g} - 44.324 \text{ g} = 0.841 \text{ g}\)
**H) Experimental percent oxygen in the original sample**
\[
\frac{F}{E} \times 100 = \frac{0.496 \text{ g}}{1.337 \text{ g}} \times 100 = 37.10\%
\]
**I) Experimental percent KCl in original sample**
\[
\frac{G}{E} \times 100 = \frac{0.841 \text{ g}}{1.337 \text{ g}} \times 100 = 62.90\%
\]
**J) Theoretical percent oxygen from Pre-lab**
- 39.17%
**K) Theoretical percent KCl from Pre-lab**
- 60.82%
**L) Percent Error of oxygen**
\[
\frac{39.17 - 37.10}{39.17} \times 100 = 5.28\%
\]
**M) Percent Error of KCl**
\[
\frac{60.82 - 62.90}{60.82} \times 100 = -3.42\% \rightarrow 3.42\%
\]
This document outlines the data collection and calculations performed during a lab experiment to determine the composition of potassium chlorate
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