samples exposed Dacter ghts bacteria, viruses, and tumors, was measured. Mean production went fr er tea drinking. The mean difference for the 5 subjects is 293 pg/mL with a s per implies that the use of the t-distribution is appropriate. ,et. al., "Antigens in tea-beverage prime human Vy2Vo2 T cells in vitro and kine responses," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, May 13, 20

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**Drink Tea for a Stronger Immune System**

We have seen that drinking tea appears to offer a strong boost to the immune system. In a study extending the results, blood samples were taken on 5 participants before and after one week of drinking about five cups of tea a day (the participants did not drink tea before the study started). The before and after blood samples were exposed to *E. coli* bacteria, and production of interferon gamma, a molecule that fights bacteria, viruses, and tumors, was measured. Mean production went from 155 pg/mL before tea drinking to 448 pg/mL after tea drinking. The mean difference for the 5 subjects is 293 pg/mL with a standard deviation in the differences of 242. The paper implies that the use of the t-distribution is appropriate.

*Adapted from Kamath, A., et al., "Antigens in tea-beverage prime human Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in vitro and in vivo for memory and non-memory antibacterial cytokine responses," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, May 13, 2003; 100(10): 6009-6014.*

---

**Your answer is correct.**

(a) Which method is most appropriate for this analysis?

- Paired data difference in means (selected)
Transcribed Image Text:**Drink Tea for a Stronger Immune System** We have seen that drinking tea appears to offer a strong boost to the immune system. In a study extending the results, blood samples were taken on 5 participants before and after one week of drinking about five cups of tea a day (the participants did not drink tea before the study started). The before and after blood samples were exposed to *E. coli* bacteria, and production of interferon gamma, a molecule that fights bacteria, viruses, and tumors, was measured. Mean production went from 155 pg/mL before tea drinking to 448 pg/mL after tea drinking. The mean difference for the 5 subjects is 293 pg/mL with a standard deviation in the differences of 242. The paper implies that the use of the t-distribution is appropriate. *Adapted from Kamath, A., et al., "Antigens in tea-beverage prime human Vγ2Vδ2 T cells in vitro and in vivo for memory and non-memory antibacterial cytokine responses," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, May 13, 2003; 100(10): 6009-6014.* --- **Your answer is correct.** (a) Which method is most appropriate for this analysis? - Paired data difference in means (selected)
### Confidence Interval Calculation

**Question:**

(b) Find a 90% confidence interval for the mean increase in the production of interferon gamma after drinking tea for one week.

**Instructions:**

- Round your answers to one decimal place.

**Answer Format:**

The 90% confidence interval is [ _______ ] to [ _______ ].

**Additional Information:**

- Your previous answer was marked as incorrect.
- This is your first attempt out of four allowed.

**Actions:**

- You can save your progress for later.
- Click "Submit Answer" to enter your solution.
Transcribed Image Text:### Confidence Interval Calculation **Question:** (b) Find a 90% confidence interval for the mean increase in the production of interferon gamma after drinking tea for one week. **Instructions:** - Round your answers to one decimal place. **Answer Format:** The 90% confidence interval is [ _______ ] to [ _______ ]. **Additional Information:** - Your previous answer was marked as incorrect. - This is your first attempt out of four allowed. **Actions:** - You can save your progress for later. - Click "Submit Answer" to enter your solution.
Expert Solution
Step 1

In the given scenario, the blood samples of 5 participants are taken before and after  one week of drinking about five cups of tea a day.

Here, the same participants are taken before and after  one week of drinking about five cups of tea a day.

The most appropriate method used for the analysis is paired data in difference of means.

Let n denote the number of subjects.

Let xd¯ denote the mean difference of the subjects and sd denote the standard deviation in the differences.

That is, n = 5

xd¯ = 293 & sd = 242

The objective is to compute the 90% confidence interval for the mean .

The confidence level is,

C = 90%= 90/100= 0.90

The level of significance is,

α= 1-C=1-0.90=0.10

The degrees of freedom is,

df = n-1= 5-1=4

from t table at 0.10 level of significance with 4 degrees of freedom the two- tailed critical value is,

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