Researchers studying the bacterium Escherichia coli split a population of the bacteria into two samples. Sample 1 was transformed with a plasmid containing a gene that makes the bacteria resistant to the antibiotic kanamycin. Sample 2 was transformed with a plasmid lacking the antibiotic resistance gene. A portion of each sample was then added to growth plates containing just nutrients or growth plates containing nutrients and kanamycin.   After being allowed to grow for 24hours at 37∘C, the number of colonies on each growth plate was counted (Table 1).   Which of the following claims is best supported by the data in Table 1 ?   a.More bacteria on plates 1 and 2 were successfully transformed than on any other plate.   b.Only the bacteria that were successfully transformed with the kanamycin resistance gene grew on plate 4.   c.The transformation procedure killed all the bacteria that were added to plate 3.   d.None of the bacteria on plate 2 were successfully transformed with the kanamycin resistance gene.

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Bacterial Genomics

The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.

Transformation Experiment in Bacteria

In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.

Plasmids and Vectors

The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.