Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a multistep process that allows relatively large structures/molecules to enter cells. Studies of families with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) have helped to elucidate the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis. The most common type of mutation that leads to this condition affects the LDL receptor cytoplasmic domain, usually a Tyr-to- Cys amino acid change at a single location. Explain how this specific type of mutation in this domain leads to hypercholesterolemia. Give details here, mentioning proteins and interactions affected so it is clear why such a mutation can lead to this health condition. You will need to say what happens here normally and then how this change leads to a problem. Do not just speak in generalities.

Q: Maintaining nuclear RanGTP levels is critical for nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. Describe how…

A: Question - Maintaining nuclear RanGTP levels is critical for nucleo-cytoplasmic transport.Describe…

Q: For each of the following, describe the path the protein takes to its final destination in the cell.…

A: A traditional mammalian cell might also comprise several varieties of proteins and several…

Q: Describe the consequences of ER-lumenal accumulation of damaged or misfolded proteins in a…

A: The endoplasmic reticulum is considered to be the main site for protein synthesis. Maturation of…

Q: Two proteins have exactly the same amino acid sequence. Protein A is able to bind with high affinity…

A: Only certain substances can diffuse through the cell membrane as the cell membrane is selectively…

Q: Both Pfizer and Moderna MRNA vaccines use the lipid DSPC (see figure below) in constructing the…

A: The vaccines are the specific molecules that helps us developing passive immunity. Vaccination helps…

Q: Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of various conditions including high blood pressure, high blood…

A: Metabolic syndrome is a group of disorders that occur in tandem and increase your risk of heart…

Q: Pompe disease is due to a deficiency in lysosomal α-1,4-glucosidase, also called acid maltase.…

A: Pompe disease was named after Johann Pompe who identified the disease in 1932. It is a lysosomal…

Q: As a researcher who studies cytoskeletal dynamics, you create a microtubule subunit that cannot…

A: Explanation: The critical concentration for the minus end of a polymer formed by these mutant…

Q: is the various steps of protein production in eukaryotic cells and their localization (from a gene…

A: Protein is a very important part of the cell because it it is the ultimate machinery through which…

Q: The mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) receptors are crucial for delivering lysosomal proteins to lysosomes,…

A: Vesicular transport is responsible for molecular traffic between specific membrane-enclosed…

Q: Shown below is a schematic diagram of the E. coli leader peptidase (Lep), which has several basic…

A: The “Inside positive rule” states that in the case of dual-topology proteins, the cytoplasmic loop…

Q: How would a dominant-negative Arf1 protein affect (or not) the following processes.…

A: Arf1 is a small GTPase that is involved in vesicular transport. It has been shown to play a role in…

Q: True or false If cells were treated with a weak base such as ammonia or chloroquine, which raises…

A: False

Q: Each intracellular fusion of a vesicle with a membrane requires a SNARE protein on the vesicle…

A: SNARE protein functions to form vesicles with plasma membrane to form exocytosis. This is common in…

Q: Identify and list the functions of the three general classes of proteins that control cell death.

A: Answer: Introduction: Cell death is necessary for the normal development of eukaryotic organisms and…

Q: Explain a mechanism for how a nuclear-encoded protein is targeted to the inner membrane of the…

A: Mitochondria possess specific replication, transcription, and translation machinery. All the…

Q: A particular error in the CFTR gene results in the replacement of the amino acid Phe with Ser at…

A: Cystic fibrosis is a type of autosomal recessive disorder which causes improper ion transport &…

Q: protein

A: a ) the organic properties of a protein atom rely upon its actual collaboration with different…

Q: In response to a hormone secreted by a cell of the opposite mating type, a yeast cell undergoes a…

A: GPCR (G Protein-Coupled Receptors) are cell surface receptors that use guanine nucleotide-binding…

Q: Melanosomes are specialized lysosomes that storepigments for eventual release by exocytosis. Various…

A: Introduction Melanosomes are organelles that produce and store melanin, a common biological pigment…

Q: In a rare inherited disorder, called Wilson’s disease, excessive amounts of copper accumulate in…

A: It's an autosomal recessive disorder.

Q: The small, monomeric protein Rho has acquired a mutation by which it is constitutively activated and…

A: * Mutations in gene for rhodopsin that is RHO will cause autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa…

Q: The tumor suppressor pRB also binds to and suppresses the activity of retinoblastoma-binding protein…

A: Mutation in genes is the process of change in the nucleotide sequence of the genome.

Q: Autophagy is an evolutionary conserved catabolic process devoted to the degradation of intracellular…

A: Introduction :  Autophagy is the natural process of  break down and destroying old , damaged cells…

Q: The following figure shows the 3D structure of a tubulin dimer. A mutation in the beta tubulin…

A: Tubulin is a dimer consisting of two closely related polypeptides, α-tubulin and β-tubulin. Alpha-…

Q: Protein-X has a calcium (Ca²+)-binding regulatory subunit. Upon calcium (Ca²+) binding the protein…

A: Skeletal muscle contraction involves interaction between actin (thin filament) and myosin (thick…

Q: Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of various conditions including high blood pressure, high blood…

A: Answer :- Option (C) is correct. - Insulin receptor phosphorylation increases insulin secretion.

Q: You are investigating a lysosomal storage disease and you discover that newly synthesized lysosome…

A: When normally a protein is destined to be targeted to lysosome, then the proteins are modified in…

Q: The affinity of integrins for matrix components canbe modulated by changes to their cytoplasmic…

A: Introduction: There are two pathways that are responsible for activation of integrin: 1. Inside out…

Q: Acidification is achieved by an H+ pump in the endosomal membrane, which also contains Cl– channels.…

A: Vacuolar H+ ATPase proton pumps that are also involved in mitochondrial ATP generation are…

Q: The seed of the castor bean (Ricinus communis) contains large amounts of ricin, a deadly poison for…

A: Ricin is a very potent toxin that has no known antidote and is treated for symptoms only to prevent…

Q: Based on the data provided, explain how cellular processes must be altered in stomach cancer cells…

A: In comparison to healthy cells, cancer cells have an active metabolism and need more energy. Cancer…

Q: What do you think would happen to a soluble protein that normally contains a KDEL tag (ER retrieval)…

A: * KDEL is peptide sequence which is targeted in mammals and plants that is  located on the C…

Q: The only protein bound to the labeled hormone is identified in the new clear fraction. Hormone X is…

A: Hormones are the chemical compounds which are secreted from the respective endocrine glands. These…

Q: The three amino acids "DRY" in loop I2 are required for protein targeting. What is the name of this…

A: Hello! Since you have posted multiple questions, we are answering only first question. If you need…

Q: Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of various conditions including high blood pressure, high blood…

A: Satiety is feeling of fullness. Thus insulin causes satiety meaning that it induces the increasing…

Q: A genetic disease called glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is inherited in a manner…

A: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a genetic metabolic abnormality caused by the…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.