Question 9 Which of the following problems is solved by both the glycerol 3-phopshate and the malate-aspartate shuttles? A) The impermeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to NAD* and NADH B) The impermeability of the outer mitochondrial membrane to oxaloacetate C) The permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to QH, D) The impermeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to QH, E) The impermeability of the outer mitochondrial membrane to NAD+ and NADH

Q: What are some of the difficulties in determining the exact number of protons pumped across the inner…

A: Mitochondria have two primary membranes, as discussed above. With a little intermembrane space in…

Q: QUESTION 1 Because they are primarily catabolic and need to hoard (keep) glucose for their own use,…

A: The series of chemical reactions that occur within the living body are collectively referred to as…

Q: How many CO2 molecules are liberated by eukaryotic cells following glycolysis of one molecule of…

A: 40. Glycolysis is the process of breakdown of glucose into 2 molecule of pyruvic acid. This process…

Q: Do any of the respiratory complexes play a role in the citric acid cycle? If so, what is that role?

A: The citric acid cycle is the oxidation of the molecules which was generated in the glycolysis…

Q: What do each of the 8 steps of the citric acid cycle have on common?

A: The citric acid cycle (CAC) is a series of chemical reactions that release stored energy through the…

Q: In oxidative phosphorylation, what is oxidized and what is phosphorylated?

A: Introduction: The electron transport chain is the common pathway in the aerobic cells by which…

Q: Question 53 Which of these is NOT true of the citric acid cycle?

A: Introduction The citric acid cycle is the final common oxidative pathway for carbohydrates, fats and…

Q: You can choose either allosteric or competitive inhibitor for all questions.

A: Pyruvate is acted upon by pyruvate dehydrogenase to convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA…

Q: How many protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix for each pair of electrons extracted by…

A: The process of breakdown of fatty acids into the acetyl-CoA is referred to as Fatty acid oxidation.…

Q: What would be some of the challenges involved in removing respiratory complexes from the inner…

A: Mitochondria are organelle that are present in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the…

Q: What metabolites accumulate when azide is added to actively respiring mitochondria?

A: Respiration is the process of obtaining energy by breaking down simple and digested food material.…

Q: Question 14 How many carbon dioxide molecules will be produced in the TCA if 8 molecules of glucose…

A: Glycolysis is a cytoplasmic pathway which separates glucose into two three-carbon compounds and…

Q: QUESTION 30 Select the INCORRECT statement about Glutamate dehydrogenase: Oa. Catalyzes the…

A: Glutamate dehydrogenase: It is a mitochondrial enzyme that is primarily found in liver and also in…

Q: QUESTION 2 2.1  Draw a metabolic chart indicating the carbohydrate transporters involved in…

A: We are authorized to answer one question at a time since you have not mentioned which question you…

Q: QUESTION 24 The oxidation of 3 mol of glucose by the pentose phosphate pathway may result in the…

A:

Q: What are the usual ionic forms of ATP and ADP in typical cells? Does this information have any…

A: Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway of the process of metabolism, where a series of chemical…

Q: If all materials were in their standard states, would hydrolysis of ATP to ADP yield enough energy…

A: UDP glucose is a major metabolite which plays important role in sugar biosynthesis in animals,…

Q: QUESTION 2 During glycolysis Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) is converted to Fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) as…

A: Equilibrium of a reaction or a chemical equilibrium is the state of the reversible chemical system…

Q: 26. Is pyruvate being oxidized or reduced during stage 2? How can you tell? (What do you see in this…

A: NOTE: Since you have posted a question with multiple subparts so we will be solving the first three…

Q: QUESTION 2 The Krebs Cycle and beta-oxidation of fatty acids differ in that: O The Krebs Cycle…

A: Metabolism is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the living body for the formation of…

Q: What is the effect of dinitrophenol on ATP formation by mitochondria?

A: Cell is the smallest structural and, functional unit of life. It is simple machinery that houses all…

Q: Question 5: (a) Why is it important that gluconeogenesis is not the exact reversal of glycolysis?…

A: Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway in which glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvate in…

Q: Question 23 Which of the following statements regarding the synthesis of ATP by the electron…

A: Electron Transport Chain (ETC) is  the oxidative phosphorylation of glucose into carbon dioxide. ETC…

Q: QUESTION 8 Consider the following portion of the glycolytic sequence catalyzed by the enzymes above…

A: Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway involved in cellular respiration that involves ten enzyme…

Q: Why does ATP production require an intact mitochondrial membrane?

A: ATP or adenosine triphosphate is an energy-rich molecule found in all living organisms. ATP extracts…

Q: What are some of the difficulties in extracting respiratory complexes from the inner mitochondrial…

A: Mitochondria: The inner and outer mitochondrial membranes divide the mitochondria from the…

Q: QUESTION 1: What fatty acid can cross membranes as free fatty acid without protein assistance,…

A: Carnitine can cross membrane as free fatty acid without protein assistance ,could then become…

Q: What are the reactive oxygen species and why are they especially dangerous to cells?

A: Our body produces a large number of reactive oxygen (ROS) species which are responsible for the…

Q: QUESTION 34 Which of the following represents a reaction that could be used to refill he TCA cycle…

A: ATP is the energy currency for all living cells. The citric acid cycle is also known as the…

Q: What is the source of Coenzyme A in mitochondria? Is there any manufacturing of Coenzyme A in the…

A: Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles that generate most of the chemical energy needed to…

Q: How many ATP will be produced in an oxidative level phosphorylation of a molecule of glucose in a…

A: Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the mitochondria of all animal and plant tissues, and it is…

Q: QUESTION 34 Which of the following represents a reaction that could be used to refill the TCA cycle…

A: TCA cycle occurs in the matrix of mitochondria. The net result of Kreb cycle is that for each acetyl…

Q: The role of oxygen gas in our cells is to     accept electrons that come from NADH.     produce…

A: Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms break down glucose into adenosine…

Q: Question 03 Write the inhibitors of following metabolic pathways 1. glycolysis 2. TCA

A: In general, products of reaction's are inhibitors of the reaction and substrates and cofactors of an…

Q: What three steps are included in the breakdown of pyruvate? Explain the importance of Acetyl Co A as…

A: Animal cells produce ATP by cellular respiration, whereas plant cells produce carbohydrates through…

Q: QUESTION 29 Which of the following actions is not characteristic of the slow phase of oxygen debt? O…

A: Oxygen debt is a state when an extra amount of oxygen is needed to meet the metabolic requirements…

Q: List the following substances in order of their increasing oxidizing power: (a) acetoacetate, (b)…

A: Oxidizing power - Oxidizing power is defined as the ability to gain electrons. Oxidation is define…

Q: Question 23 Which of the following cause decrease in the activity of the pyruvate debydrogenase…

A: The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is consisting of three enzymes pyruvate dehydrogenase E1,…

Q: Question 11 Which reaction in glycolysis produces NADH? O oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate O…

A:

Q: What thermodynamic force drives the transport of ADP and Pi into the mitochondrial matrix for ATP…

A: The electron transport (ETS) chain is present in the mitochondria, which helps in the formation of…

Q: The four C4 dicarboxylic acid species in the citric acid cycle?

A: The citric acid cycle is also known as the Krebs cycle or Tricarboxylic acid cycle. This is the main…

Q: The inner mitochondrial membrane exhibits all of the fundamental characteristics of a typical cell…

A: Some unique characteristics of a typical cell membrane include: Presence of cristae. Restricted…

Q: Question 21. What is the effect of added succinate to rotenone-blocked, amytal-blocked, or cyanide…

A: Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) or succinate-coenzyme Q reductase (SQR) or respiratory complex II is…

Q: Question #15 Which of the following transporters we discussed in this part of the course transports…

A: A is incorrect Reason : GLUT transporter in liver : Transports glucose in and out of the liver cells…

Q: What one carbon waste product of cellular respiration is formed as the 3 carbon product of…

A: Cellular respiration It refers to the process through which organisms utilize oxygen for the…

Q: What reaction serves to link glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, and what is the enzyme that…

A: Cellular respiration is the set of metabolic reaction which takes place in the cells of an organism…

Q: Cytochrome c may associate with cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol) in the inner mitochondrial…

A: Introduction- Mitochondria play an important role in leading to apoptotic effects during apoptosis.…

Q: What is the role of citrate in the transport of acetyl groups from the mitochondrion to the cytosol?

A: Enzyme citrate synthase exist in nearly all living cells and acts as the pace making enzyme in first…

Q: Which of these is NOT true of the citric acid cycle? Group of answer choices The citric acid cycle…

A: Citric acid is a central metabolic pathway where a series of chemical reactions takes place for the…

Q: QUESTION 6 In anaerobic glycolysis in mammals, the NAD needed for the pathway is regenerated by…

A: Anaerobic glycolysis is the process of oxidation of glucose in the absence of oxygen which involved…