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26. Is pyruvate being oxidized or reduced during stage 2? How can you tell? (What do you see in this model that helps you answer this question?) 27. Is oxygen (O₂) required for the Krebs cycle? 28. Compare the structures of isocitrate and a-ketoglutarate. How many carbon atoms does each have?

26. Is pyruvate being oxidized or reduced during stage 2? How can you tell? (What do you see in this model that helps you answer this question?) 27. Is oxygen (O₂) required for the Krebs cycle? 28. Compare the structures of isocitrate and a-ketoglutarate. How many carbon atoms does each have?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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26. Is pyruvate being oxidized or reduced during stage 2? How can you tell? (What do you see in this model that helps you answer this question?) 27. Is oxygen (O₂) required for the Krebs cycle? 28. Compare the structures of isocitrate and a-ketoglutarate. How many carbon atoms does each have? 29. In the previous question, you should have noted that a-ketoglutarate has one less carbon than isocitrate. What happened to the carbon that was lost from isocitrate? 30. How many carbons from pyruvate are lost as waste during one turn of stage 2? 31. Starting with one glucose molecule, how many carbons are lost as waste during stage 2? 32. Throughout stage 2, energy originating in glucose is transferred to other high-potential- energy molecules. List all of these molecules that are formed, and how many of each are formed from one turn of stage 2. (While trying to identify "high-potential-energy molecules," keep in mind that glucose's electrons have high potential energy because of what they will accomplish in the next stage!)
Transcribed Image Text:26. Is pyruvate being oxidized or reduced during stage 2? How can you tell? (What do you see in this model that helps you answer this question?) 27. Is oxygen (O₂) required for the Krebs cycle? 28. Compare the structures of isocitrate and a-ketoglutarate. How many carbon atoms does each have? 29. In the previous question, you should have noted that a-ketoglutarate has one less carbon than isocitrate. What happened to the carbon that was lost from isocitrate? 30. How many carbons from pyruvate are lost as waste during one turn of stage 2? 31. Starting with one glucose molecule, how many carbons are lost as waste during stage 2? 32. Throughout stage 2, energy originating in glucose is transferred to other high-potential- energy molecules. List all of these molecules that are formed, and how many of each are formed from one turn of stage 2. (While trying to identify "high-potential-energy molecules," keep in mind that glucose's electrons have high potential energy because of what they will accomplish in the next stage!)
Model 4: Stage 2: Citric Acid Cycle (including a preparatory reaction) The citric acid cycle is also called the Krebs cycle, and occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Below is a simplified representation of stage 2. In it, the carbons that originated in glucose are represented by grey balls. NAD+ NADH Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA со COA COA Citrate Oxaloacetate oooo Isocitrate NADH NAD+ Malate Fumarate FADH₂ FAD Citric Acid Cycle Succinate oooo DO >ATP NAD+ NADH со a-ketoglutarate Со Succinyl CoA ADP NAD+ NADH
Transcribed Image Text:Model 4: Stage 2: Citric Acid Cycle (including a preparatory reaction) The citric acid cycle is also called the Krebs cycle, and occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Below is a simplified representation of stage 2. In it, the carbons that originated in glucose are represented by grey balls. NAD+ NADH Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA со COA COA Citrate Oxaloacetate oooo Isocitrate NADH NAD+ Malate Fumarate FADH₂ FAD Citric Acid Cycle Succinate oooo DO >ATP NAD+ NADH со a-ketoglutarate Со Succinyl CoA ADP NAD+ NADH
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