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QUESTION 19 What causes Process F to occur? NEURON X Axon terminal of a cholinergic neuron Substrate A Synthesis and packaging into a vesicle Neurotransmitter break Substrate B down by Enzyme D Process F 3 Protein E Substrate B transport into the axon terminal Reçeptor C Substrate B is recycled to Acetate Enzyme D NEURON Y produce neurotransmitter Opening of voltage-gated potassium ion (K*) channels in the axon terminal O increased reuptake activity of Protein E Increase in calcium ion (Ca2*) concentration inside of the axon terminal after hyperpolarization of the neuronal cell membrane O O

QUESTION 19 What causes Process F to occur? NEURON X Axon terminal of a cholinergic neuron Substrate A Synthesis and packaging into a vesicle Neurotransmitter break Substrate B down by Enzyme D Process F 3 Protein E Substrate B transport into the axon terminal Reçeptor C Substrate B is recycled to Acetate Enzyme D NEURON Y produce neurotransmitter Opening of voltage-gated potassium ion (K*) channels in the axon terminal O increased reuptake activity of Protein E Increase in calcium ion (Ca2*) concentration inside of the axon terminal after hyperpolarization of the neuronal cell membrane O O

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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### Question 19: What causes Process F to occur? The image displays the axon terminal of a cholinergic neuron (Neuron X) interacting with another neuron (Neuron Y). The diagram illustrates various steps in neurotransmitter synthesis, packaging, release, and recycling processes, along with the corresponding components and proteins involved. #### Diagram Explanation: 1. **Synthesis and packaging into a vesicle**: - **Substrate A** enters the axon terminal and is transformed into neurotransmitters, which are then packaged into vesicles. 2. **Neurotransmitter breakdown by Enzyme D**: - Neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft and bind to **Receptor C** on Neuron Y. Subsequently, they are broken down by **Enzyme D**, producing **Acetate** and other byproducts. 3. **Substrate B transport into the axon terminal**: - **Substrate B** is transported into the axon terminal for neurotransmitter synthesis. 4. **Substrate B is recycled to produce neurotransmitter**: - The recycled **Substrate B** is reused in the synthesis of new neurotransmitter molecules, completing the cycle. #### Detailed Diagram Process: - **Process F** refers to the release mechanism of neurotransmitters from the vesicles into the synaptic cleft. - Various factors, such as ion concentration changes or protein activities, could potentially trigger this release. ### Multiple-Choice Question: **What causes Process F to occur?** #### Options: 1. Opening of voltage-gated potassium ion (K⁺) channels in the axon terminal 2. Increased reuptake activity of Protein E 3. Increase in calcium ion (Ca²⁺) concentration inside of the axon terminal 4. After hyperpolarization of the neuronal cell membrane Among the provided options, the correct answer is: **3. Increase in calcium ion (Ca²⁺) concentration inside of the axon terminal** This is because the influx of Ca²⁺ ions into the axon terminal is a pivotal trigger for the vesicles to release their neurotransmitter contents into the synaptic cleft.
Transcribed Image Text:### Question 19: What causes Process F to occur? The image displays the axon terminal of a cholinergic neuron (Neuron X) interacting with another neuron (Neuron Y). The diagram illustrates various steps in neurotransmitter synthesis, packaging, release, and recycling processes, along with the corresponding components and proteins involved. #### Diagram Explanation: 1. **Synthesis and packaging into a vesicle**: - **Substrate A** enters the axon terminal and is transformed into neurotransmitters, which are then packaged into vesicles. 2. **Neurotransmitter breakdown by Enzyme D**: - Neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft and bind to **Receptor C** on Neuron Y. Subsequently, they are broken down by **Enzyme D**, producing **Acetate** and other byproducts. 3. **Substrate B transport into the axon terminal**: - **Substrate B** is transported into the axon terminal for neurotransmitter synthesis. 4. **Substrate B is recycled to produce neurotransmitter**: - The recycled **Substrate B** is reused in the synthesis of new neurotransmitter molecules, completing the cycle. #### Detailed Diagram Process: - **Process F** refers to the release mechanism of neurotransmitters from the vesicles into the synaptic cleft. - Various factors, such as ion concentration changes or protein activities, could potentially trigger this release. ### Multiple-Choice Question: **What causes Process F to occur?** #### Options: 1. Opening of voltage-gated potassium ion (K⁺) channels in the axon terminal 2. Increased reuptake activity of Protein E 3. Increase in calcium ion (Ca²⁺) concentration inside of the axon terminal 4. After hyperpolarization of the neuronal cell membrane Among the provided options, the correct answer is: **3. Increase in calcium ion (Ca²⁺) concentration inside of the axon terminal** This is because the influx of Ca²⁺ ions into the axon terminal is a pivotal trigger for the vesicles to release their neurotransmitter contents into the synaptic cleft.
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