### Question 19: What causes Process F to occur?The image displays the axon terminal of a cholinergic neuron (Neuron X) interacting with another neuron (Neuron Y). The diagram illustrates various steps in neurotransmitter synthesis, packaging, release, and recycling processes, along with the corresponding components and proteins involved.#### Diagram Explanation: 1. **Synthesis and packaging into a vesicle**: - **Substrate A** enters the axon terminal and is transformed into neurotransmitters, which are then packaged into vesicles. 2. **Neurotransmitter breakdown by Enzyme D**: - Neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft and bind to **Receptor C** on Neuron Y. Subsequently, they are broken down by **Enzyme D**, producing **Acetate** and other byproducts.3. **Substrate B transport into the axon terminal**: - **Substrate B** is transported into the axon terminal for neurotransmitter synthesis. 4. **Substrate B is recycled to produce neurotransmitter**: - The recycled **Substrate B** is reused in the synthesis of new neurotransmitter molecules, completing the cycle.#### Detailed Diagram Process:- **Process F** refers to the release mechanism of neurotransmitters from the vesicles into the synaptic cleft.- Various factors, such as ion concentration changes or protein activities, could potentially trigger this release.### Multiple-Choice Question:**What causes Process F to occur?**#### Options:1. Opening of voltage-gated potassium ion (K⁺) channels in the axon terminal2. Increased reuptake activity of Protein E3. Increase in calcium ion (Ca²⁺) concentration inside of the axon terminal4. After hyperpolarization of the neuronal cell membraneAmong the provided options, the correct answer is:**3. Increase in calcium ion (Ca²⁺) concentration inside of the axon terminal**This is because the influx of Ca²⁺ ions into the axon terminal is a pivotal trigger for the vesicles to release their neurotransmitter contents into the synaptic cleft.

The nerve impulse is propagated in chemical synapse from one neuron terminal to the next neuron. The…

QUESTION 19 What causes Process F to occur? NEURON X Axon terminal of a cholinergic neuron Substrate A Synthesis and packaging into a vesicle Neurotransmitter break Substrate B down by Enzyme D Process F 3 Protein E Substrate B transport into the axon terminal Reçeptor C Substrate B is recycled to Acetate Enzyme D NEURON Y produce neurotransmitter Opening of voltage-gated potassium ion (K*) channels in the axon terminal O increased reuptake activity of Protein E Increase in calcium ion (Ca2*) concentration inside of the axon terminal after hyperpolarization of the neuronal cell membrane O O

QUESTION 19 What causes Process F to occur? NEURON X Axon terminal of a cholinergic neuron Substrate A Synthesis and packaging into a vesicle Neurotransmitter break Substrate B down by Enzyme D Process F 3 Protein E Substrate B transport into the axon terminal Reçeptor C Substrate B is recycled to Acetate Enzyme D NEURON Y produce neurotransmitter Opening of voltage-gated potassium ion (K) channels in the axon terminal O increased reuptake activity of Protein E Increase in calcium ion (Ca2) concentration inside of the axon terminal after hyperpolarization of the neuronal cell membrane O O

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter9: Cell Communication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1VCQ: Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In 30 percent of human breast cancers, HER2 is...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

The NMDA receptor is described as a "coincidence detector" allowing it to detect concurrent activities in the pre- and postsynaptic cells. What are the 2 biochemical properties of the NMDA receptor that allow it to detect concurrent activities in the pre- and postsynaptic cells?
A 65-year-old man with severe atherosclerotic coronary artery disease comes to the emergency department because of a 12-hour history of chest pain. Plasma activity of the MB isozyme of creatine kinase (MB-CK) is markedly increased. Which of the following processes is the most likely explanation for the increased plasma MB-CK? (A) Cell membrane damage (B) Endoplasmic reticulum dilation (C) Mitochondrial swelling (D) Polysome dissociation (E) Sodium pump dysfunction
Atherosclerosis can obstruct or block flow in arteries, including those that provide oxygenated blood to the heart. Elevated levels of [ Select ] ["LDL, and VLDL", "HDL"] are associated with atherosclerosis, most likely because of their role in delivery of lipids to peripheral tissues and cells. Smooth muscle cells are recruited to the site of damage, where they [ Select ] ["induce apoptosis of endothelial cells", "proliferate"] , hence expanding the extent of the lesion.
Even though the actual concentration inside a cell is above critical concentration, 50% of action is in monomeric form. Explain how the cell maintains monomeric actin above critical concentration ?
9
izzing/user/attempt/quiz_start_frame_auto.d21?ou=D3269550&isprv3&drc%3D1&qi=1995726&cfql=0&dnb3D0&fror 12 Time Left:0:04:09 Angelina Tran: Attempt 1 O anabolism Question 50 (2 points) Listen Which of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system? O chloroplast plasma membrane vesicles endoplasmic reticulum Previous Page Next Page Page 10 of 10 Submit Quiz 45 of 50 questions saved MacBook PrO
19:20 uil 4G A docs.google.com Observe the figure below and answer the following questions. Does "end A" represent the plus or the minus end? Explain. "A" End Your answer Identify the structure shown in this figure and indicate one of its functions.
You treat human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECS) in the lab with hydrogen peroxide to induce oxidative stress and observe the following: (D) Ctrl H202 4 8. 12 24 Time (h) Which one of the following pathways of cell death are induced in these cells? O Pyroptosis O Apoptosis O Autophagy O Necrosis Caspase-3 activity (relative to control)
One of the characteristics of botulinum toxin (the cause of 'botulism') is a very specific protease activity, i.e., the toxin can cleave (cut), and thereby render nonfunctional, a SNARE protein associated with neurotransmitter-containing synaptic vesicles found in certain nerve terminals. Which of the following is the likely effect of this toxin on fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane (and subsequent neurotransmitter release)? a.) An increase in fusion events b.) a decrease in fusion events c.) no effect on fusion events
how would an inactive complex 1 lead to cell damage and cell death as seen in Parkinson’s patients ?
ILLUSTRATIONS For each of the given proteins: Draw the final location of the following proteins after being translocated. Label the organelle (as well as the organelle parts/compartments) and the cytosol (if necessary) in order to clearly depict the protein's location and orientation. Label the amino and carboxyl ends of the protein. Below your drawing, indicate: . . a. the receptor/s b. the energy source c. if there is signal peptide cleavage or none E. Mitochondrion H₂N-MTS ITS* "Internal targeting sequence that has no cleavage site -COOH SALE
a. Molecule X is a soluble protein that is secreted in response to extracellular signal Y. Which sorting signal must molecule X have? b. Why is the sorting signal mentioned above important for the sorting of molecule X? Explain c. Extracellular signal Y is a soluble cytosolic protein. Taking into consideration the composition and property of plasma membrane, discuss how the cell receives information from extracellular signal Y and relays the information through the plasma membrane?