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Describe the steps for serotonin (5- HT) release, activation of receptors, reuptake, and termination of the activity of the neurotransmitter.

Describe the steps for serotonin (5- HT) release, activation of receptors, reuptake, and termination of the activity of the neurotransmitter.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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### 4. Describe the steps for serotonin (5-HT) release, activation of receptors, reuptake, and termination of the activity of the neurotransmitter. **Serotonin (5-HT) Pathway Overview** 1. **Synthesis**: - Serotonin is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan in a two-step process. - First, tryptophan is converted to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) by tryptophan hydroxylase. - Second, 5-HTP is decarboxylated to produce serotonin (5-HT) by the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. 2. **Storage**: - Newly synthesized serotonin is stored in vesicles within the presynaptic neuron. 3. **Release**: - An action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal, causing the influx of calcium ions (Ca2+). - This influx triggers the vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane and release serotonin into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis. 4. **Receptor Activation**: - Released serotonin binds to and activates serotonin receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. - There are several types of serotonin receptors (5-HT1, 5-HT2, etc.), each mediating different physiological responses. 5. **Reuptake**: - Serotonin in the synaptic cleft is reabsorbed into the presynaptic neuron through the serotonin transporter (SERT). - This reuptake process is crucial for terminating the signal transmission propagated by serotonin. 6. **Termination**: - Once reuptaken, serotonin can be repackaged into vesicles for reuse or metabolized. - Serotonin can be broken down by the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) into 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), which is excreted from the body. Diagrams or graphs that might accompany this text typically illustrate the synaptic transmission process, showing the stages of neurotransmitter release, receptor binding, reuptake, and metabolism. Educational websites might include simplified graphic representations for better comprehension, such as: - A neuron with labeled parts for synthesis, storage, and release sites. - The synaptic cleft with arrows indicating serotonin release and reuptake. - Various serotonin receptors
Transcribed Image Text:### 4. Describe the steps for serotonin (5-HT) release, activation of receptors, reuptake, and termination of the activity of the neurotransmitter. **Serotonin (5-HT) Pathway Overview** 1. **Synthesis**: - Serotonin is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan in a two-step process. - First, tryptophan is converted to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) by tryptophan hydroxylase. - Second, 5-HTP is decarboxylated to produce serotonin (5-HT) by the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. 2. **Storage**: - Newly synthesized serotonin is stored in vesicles within the presynaptic neuron. 3. **Release**: - An action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal, causing the influx of calcium ions (Ca2+). - This influx triggers the vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane and release serotonin into the synaptic cleft via exocytosis. 4. **Receptor Activation**: - Released serotonin binds to and activates serotonin receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. - There are several types of serotonin receptors (5-HT1, 5-HT2, etc.), each mediating different physiological responses. 5. **Reuptake**: - Serotonin in the synaptic cleft is reabsorbed into the presynaptic neuron through the serotonin transporter (SERT). - This reuptake process is crucial for terminating the signal transmission propagated by serotonin. 6. **Termination**: - Once reuptaken, serotonin can be repackaged into vesicles for reuse or metabolized. - Serotonin can be broken down by the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) into 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), which is excreted from the body. Diagrams or graphs that might accompany this text typically illustrate the synaptic transmission process, showing the stages of neurotransmitter release, receptor binding, reuptake, and metabolism. Educational websites might include simplified graphic representations for better comprehension, such as: - A neuron with labeled parts for synthesis, storage, and release sites. - The synaptic cleft with arrows indicating serotonin release and reuptake. - Various serotonin receptors
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