Question 1 The voltage output from a J-type thermocouple referenced 0°C is to be used to measure temperatures from 50 to 70°C. The output voltages vary linearly over this range from 2.585 to 3.649 mV. 1. If the thermocouple voltage is input to a 12-bit A/D converter having a +5V range, estimate the percent quantization error in the digital value. 2. If the analog signal can be first passed through an amplifier circuit, compute the amplifier gain required to reduce the quantization error to 5% or less.

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Digital to Analog Converters

Digital to analog converters are commonly known as DAC, digital analog converter, D2A, or Digital-to-Analog converters. DACs are one of the important devices used in the electronics and electrical domain. DACs are the systems that convert a digital signal into an analog signal, whereas an analog to digital converter or ADC performs the opposite function. Digital signals are those signals that can represent the information or data as a set of discrete values. At a particular instant of time, a digital signal can only take a particular value of data. A digital signal is characterized by two unique values; zeros and ones, or true and false, represented by the Boolean domain. These are also known as binary signals or logic signals. Unlike digital signals, an analog signal is represented by continuous values, where at any time instant, the analog signal is represented by a real number.