Due Tuesclay December• Welli Faudos*The amino acid alanine can be used as an energy source.alanine [CH3CH (NH₂) COOH] is converted to pyruvate by the reactionIn doing so,CH3CH (NH₂) COOH + a-ketoglutarate →→ pyruvate + glutamine.Determine the net ATP yield for the oxidation of one molecule ofalanine to CO₂ and H₂O. You may ignore the fate of the nitrogen in theamino group of alanine in this calculation.*Two alanine molecules have the same number of carbons as one glucosemolecule. How does the ATP yield for complete catabolism of 2 alaninemolecules compare to that for 1 glucose molecule?

Alanine is a glucogenic amino acid, which synthesizes the precursor for glucose synthesis during its…

Answered: Que Tuesday, December well Faudos *The…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Biochemists consider the citric acid cycle to be the cen-tral reaction sequence in metabolism. One of the key steps isan oxidation catalyzed by the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenaseand the oxidizing agent NAD. Under certain conditions, thereaction in yeast obeys 11th-order kinetics Rate=k[enzyme][isocitrate]⁴[AMP]²[NAD⁺]m[Mg²⁺]² What is the order with respect to NAD⁺?
Chemistry Explain why each of the following compounds contain either high or low energy bonds. ATP 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate Acetyl CoA Monoacylglycerol Glucose-6-phosphate For the reaction: NADH + Pyruvate + H+ ⇌ NAD+ + Lactate If NADH = 2 μM, Pyruvate = 3 mM, NAD+ = 50 mM, and Lactate = 6 mM, what is ΔE’° ΔE ΔG
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Oxidative phosphorylation photosynthesis Krebs cycle glycolysis Match the term or terms to the description that best describes it. Yields pyruvate for use in the Krebs [Choose ] cycle Involves succinate, citrate, and [Choose] fumarate Requires cytochromes for electron [ Choose] transport Requires energy from light to take place [Choose] Ends with acceptance of electrons by [ Choose ] oxygen atoms Results in the formation of glucose [ [ Choose ] Uses chlorophyll as the pigment in the [ Choose] cyanobacteria Results in the formation of water [ Choose ]
Calculate the ATP yield for the complete oxidation of the ketone body 3-hydroxybutryate to 4 CO2 in the mitochondrial matrix. Use P:O ratios of 2.5 for NADH and 1.5 for QH2. Draw the chemical reaction and the movement of electrons (including the enolate intermediate) necessary for the spontaneous decarboxylation of acetoacetate to acetone and CO2. (Hint: review the mechanism of step 4 in glycolysis and step 3 in the citric acid cycle). Why is acetoacetate undergoing spontaneous decarboxylation while 3-hydroxybutyrate does not?
ATP ADF R D Match the structure given with the name. Acetyl coenzyme A pyruvate Complex V of the electron transport - oxidative phosphorylation pathway. ATP Synthase Mitochondrion FAD COA not shown D с B A
Considering the complete oxidation of an 18-C fatty acid. Give the answer to the following question.a. What is the total number of NADH produced in TCA if all of the acetyl CoA enters the cycle? b. What is the total number of FADH2 produced in TCA if all the acetyl CoA enters the cycle?c. How much ATP is produced in the overall oxidation?
Fatty acid degradation stimulates the citric acid cyclethrough the activation of pyruvate carboxylase by acetylCoA. Why would the activation of pyruvate carboxylaseincrease energy generation from fatty acids?
Determine how many ATP are formed in the complete oxidation of 1 mole of succinate. Include the ATP produced during the electron transport chain. Explain the reasoning clearly, and express the answer as a range.
How many electron(s) is/are required to completely reduce an oxidized cytochrome-c
Give the number of the reactions(s) of the citric acid cycle that reduce FAD give the order number of the reaction. If there is more than one reaction, give their order numbers in increasing order separated by commas
In the skeletal muscle, in anaerobic conditions, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted into pyruvate during the payoff phase of glycolysis; and this pyruvate is reduced into lactate during lactic fermentation. Part 1-Write the 11 balanced biochemical equations corresponding to all the reaction steps leading to the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into lactate through glycolysis followed by lactic fermentation. Part 2-Write the net equation of the whole transformation process (i.e. with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate as the starting substrate; and lactate as the end product).

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