Q4.5. Why do neurons generate an action potential, instead of simply relying on the opening of ion channels near the stimulus site to transmit information? Because without the action potential, changes in Vm at the stimulus site might not reach the axon terminal O Because without the action potential, the neuron would not depolarize Because action potentials help the body keep ion concentrations at appropriate levels O Because without the action potential, the neuron would not return to resting potential

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Q: 08.

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.