Activities1. Diseases Affecting MyelinationMyelin sheaths, produced by oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the nervous system, serveto protect and insulate the axons of neurons with a fatty tissue. This allows electrical signals topropagate very quickly along the axon. In multiple sclerosis (MS), this myelination is disruptedin the CNS causing inflammation and damage to those axons, leaving scars (plaques) andinterrupting the transmission of impulses (Figure 10.9).MYELIN SHEATHDESTRUCTIONFigure 10.9. Nerve affected by multiple sclerosis.Question 1Guillain-Barre Syndrome is another type of demyelination disease. Research this disease andprovide one similarity and one difference between it and MS.Question 22. What type of neuroglial cell would you expect to find increased after brain injury and why?

“Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any specific question to be solved then please specify the question number or post only that question.” Schwann cells deposit the myelin sheath around the axon. It is a protein and fatty substance-based insulating layer. Along with the nerve cells, this sheath aids in fast and effective impulse transmission. Certain autoimmune diseases can damage this sheath, causing impulse transmission to halt or stop, impairing neurological processing.Similarity: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) are both neurological disorders. Both disorders are autoimmune diseases in which the immune system attacks the body’s cells; in this example, both diseases damage the myelin sheath and disrupt impulse transmission. Difference: MS, on the other hand, affects nerve cells in the central nervous system, such as those in the brain and spinal cord. Unlike MS, GBS affects nerve cells in the peripheral nervous system, such as skin and muscular nerve cells.