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5. The following is a sequence of steps that describes the flow of information from an external stimulus to a physiological response: Stimulus →→sensor integrator → effector →→ response When you walk into the cold wearing only a T-shirt, you shiver. a) Identify the stimulus, sensor, integrator, effector, and response in this interaction between you and the cold. (please respond in your blue book) Stimulus Sensor Integrator Effector Response b) i) Explain what shivering accomplishes regarding thermoregulation, and ii) illustrate using the temperature vs time axes below (please redraw into your blue book). Time c) In response to a viral infection, your body mounts a fever in response, i) Explain generally why it does so and ii) describe the steps from infection to the rise in your body's temperature that we have discussed in class. I Temperature

5. The following is a sequence of steps that describes the flow of information from an external stimulus to a physiological response: Stimulus →→sensor integrator → effector →→ response When you walk into the cold wearing only a T-shirt, you shiver. a) Identify the stimulus, sensor, integrator, effector, and response in this interaction between you and the cold. (please respond in your blue book) Stimulus Sensor Integrator Effector Response b) i) Explain what shivering accomplishes regarding thermoregulation, and ii) illustrate using the temperature vs time axes below (please redraw into your blue book). Time c) In response to a viral infection, your body mounts a fever in response, i) Explain generally why it does so and ii) describe the steps from infection to the rise in your body's temperature that we have discussed in class. I Temperature

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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### Flow of Information from an External Stimulus to a Physiological Response The following sequence describes the flow of information from an external stimulus to a physiological response: **Stimulus → Sensor → Integrator → Effector → Response** When you walk into the cold wearing only a T-shirt, you shiver. ### Questions and Answers **a) Identify the stimulus, sensor, integrator, effector, and response in this interaction between you and the cold.** | Stimulus | Sensor | Integrator | Effector | Response | |----------|--------|------------|----------|----------| | Cold | Skin receptors | Brain (hypothalamus) | Muscles | Shivering | **b) Explain what shivering accomplishes regarding thermoregulation, and illustrate using the temperature vs time axes below.** *Answer*: - **Shivering** helps to increase your body's temperature by generating heat through rapid, involuntary muscle contractions. This is a part of the body's thermoregulation process to maintain its core temperature in cold environments. **Graph Explanation:** - A graph with "Temperature" on the Y-axis and "Time" on the X-axis would show a decrease in temperature upon exposure to cold, followed by a gradual rise in temperature as shivering starts and helps to generate heat, stabilizing the body's temperature. **c) In response to a viral infection, your body mounts a fever in response.** *i) Explain generally why it does so and ii) describe the steps from infection to the rise in your body's temperature that we have discussed in class.* *Answer*: - **i) Fever** is a defense mechanism that helps to inhibit the growth of pathogens by raising the body's temperature. - **ii) Steps**: 1. Pathogen enters the body. 2. Immune cells recognize the pathogen. 3. Immune cells release pyrogens. 4. Pyrogens signal the hypothalamus to increase body temperature. 5. The hypothalamus raises the body's set point temperature, resulting in fever. **d) After your immune system subdues the virus, you wake up in sweaty clothes.** *i) Explain generally why you wake up in that state and ii) describe the steps that occur in your body that result in this response.* *Answer*: - **i) After** the immune system eliminates the virus, the hypothalamus resets the body’s thermostat to normal,
Transcribed Image Text:### Flow of Information from an External Stimulus to a Physiological Response The following sequence describes the flow of information from an external stimulus to a physiological response: **Stimulus → Sensor → Integrator → Effector → Response** When you walk into the cold wearing only a T-shirt, you shiver. ### Questions and Answers **a) Identify the stimulus, sensor, integrator, effector, and response in this interaction between you and the cold.** | Stimulus | Sensor | Integrator | Effector | Response | |----------|--------|------------|----------|----------| | Cold | Skin receptors | Brain (hypothalamus) | Muscles | Shivering | **b) Explain what shivering accomplishes regarding thermoregulation, and illustrate using the temperature vs time axes below.** *Answer*: - **Shivering** helps to increase your body's temperature by generating heat through rapid, involuntary muscle contractions. This is a part of the body's thermoregulation process to maintain its core temperature in cold environments. **Graph Explanation:** - A graph with "Temperature" on the Y-axis and "Time" on the X-axis would show a decrease in temperature upon exposure to cold, followed by a gradual rise in temperature as shivering starts and helps to generate heat, stabilizing the body's temperature. **c) In response to a viral infection, your body mounts a fever in response.** *i) Explain generally why it does so and ii) describe the steps from infection to the rise in your body's temperature that we have discussed in class.* *Answer*: - **i) Fever** is a defense mechanism that helps to inhibit the growth of pathogens by raising the body's temperature. - **ii) Steps**: 1. Pathogen enters the body. 2. Immune cells recognize the pathogen. 3. Immune cells release pyrogens. 4. Pyrogens signal the hypothalamus to increase body temperature. 5. The hypothalamus raises the body's set point temperature, resulting in fever. **d) After your immune system subdues the virus, you wake up in sweaty clothes.** *i) Explain generally why you wake up in that state and ii) describe the steps that occur in your body that result in this response.* *Answer*: - **i) After** the immune system eliminates the virus, the hypothalamus resets the body’s thermostat to normal,
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