A taser is a device used by police to control unruly criminals by delivering a large electrical current into the body. This electrical current is able to temporarily paralyze the criminal. A Biology 30 student hypothesizes that this temporary paralysis is caused by the neurons in the body all simultaneously becoming unable to engage in a refractory period. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Provide your rationale from the point of view of Na+ ion and K+ ion movement OR from the point of view of processes that do or do not occur properly in the criminal's neural synapses.

Q: After an action potential, the opening of voltage-gated ________ channels and the inactivation of…

A: Action potential When nerve cell respond to a stimulus, it generates electric impulse which travel…

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A: Introduction :-

Q: Brain Cerebrospinal fluid ► Figure 27.8 Fluid-filled spaces of the vertebrate CNS. Spaces in the…

A: The nervous system is a very sophisticated system in animals that regulates and controls the flow of…

Q: The refractory period goes from "absolute" to "relative" when:   The inactivation gate of Na+…

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Q: Dr. Brainy decides to make a new cell that ONLY has one ion channel in its membrane. This channel is…

A: Based on the conditions, let's evaluate the potential outcomes: Membrane potential approaching 0 mV:…

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A: Afferent (Sensory):Transmits sensory information from peripheral receptors to the CNS.Carries…

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A: Answer. The axons in the Central Nervous System, that is, the brain and the Spinal cord are…

Q: Reorder the items below to correctly label each number in the diagram. 3 4 Membrane Potential (mV)…

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Q: Compare (consider both similarities and differences), contrast, and give the physiological…

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Q: The movement of sodim and potassium ions is an important part of how a neuron generates an action…

A: Action Potential Generation: The depolarization phase of an action potential is dependent on the…

Q: Start by giving one, detailed sentence that describes the figures below. Then tell me what is…

A: An action potential is a characteristic pattern of quick rise and subsequent decline in voltage or…

Q: Which factors determine the resting membrane potential? Explain why the resting membrane potential…

A: An action potential is a phenomena that happens when the voltage of a membrane rapidly increases and…

Q: Hyperkalemia was discussed at length in this module.  If a cell is experiencing hyperkalemia, what…

A: Question-  Hyperkalemia was discussed at length in this module.  If a cell is experiencing…

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A: Introduction: Pufferfish poisoning can cause a constellation of symptoms including a tingling…

Q: Sodium, chloride, and potassium ions are involved in setting up voltages across neuronal membranes.…

A: The voltage difference between an intracellular space and the extracellular space is known as a…

Q: Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter associated with learning and memory.   Glutamate's…

A: Glutamate neurotransmitter  plays an essential role in normal brain functioning and its levels must…

Q: Which ions are important in transmitting information along the axon of a neuron?     Ca2+ and Zn2+…

A: Action potential generates when the neurons want to pass the information along the body from its…

Q: The rising phase of the action potential is the direct result of the: O inflow of potassium O inflow…

A: A transient membrane potential reversal known as an action potential occurs when the membrane…

Q: Select one: a. increased amount of ATP b. movement of chlorine down its concentration gradient c.…

A: Introduction  Information is transmitted via neurons. They communicate between various brain regions…

Q: Use what you know about the physiology of neurons to answer the following questions. Treat questions…

A: Resting membrane potential is a state in which normally the neuron remains in, when there is no…

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A: The nervous system can be described as an organ system associated with the flow of information from…

Q: eurons have a resting membrane potential of ___________________.   varying votage as type and…

A: The resting potential is mostly determined by the concentrations of the ions in the fluids on both…

Q: IN neurology, is postsynaptic potential mediated by chloride conductance when Vr ( -80mV) and Ecl =…

A: Synapse is the area of the junction between the two Nerve cells in which the first nerve cell from…

Q: Describe the events that occur during action potential  ANSWER SHOULD INCLUDE: Explanation of how…

A: Action potential is defined as the sudden, fast, propagating change of resting membrane potential…

Q: In the introduction section the authors wrote “In general, the polarity-dependent mechanisms are…

A: Anodal stimulation is a type of electrical stimulation that involves passing a positive electric…

Q: A person is given a drug that blocks the voltage-gated sodium ion channels in the plasma membrane of…

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Q: Depolarization and repolarization changes that occur during the action potential are produced by…

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Q: Current pulse to presynaptic cell Voltage recorded in presynaptic cell Voltage recorded in…

A: A rapid, quick, reversible, and spreading shift in the potential of the resting membrane is referred…

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A: Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant.

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Q: There is a toxin extracted from pufferfish called tetrodotoxin (TTX), which completely inhibits…

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Q: What property is responsible for the smaller steady state DVm in the postsynaptic cell compared to…

A: The electrical activity in a neuron is characterized by the difference between the resting membrane…

Q: Compare and contrast calcium, sodium, and potassium ion channels used in neurons.

A: Ions are charged species which are nessesry for neuronal communications . Thier movement helps in…

Q: Which of the following cells helps control the concentration of ions in the chemical environment…

A: Neurons are the basic structural and functional unit of nervous system. Nervous system is divided…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.