can you give me a background explanation i can use to approach this problem? ### Code Analysis and Output ExplanationThe image shows a Java code snippet divided into two main parts: a class definition and a test of that class with an `ArrayList`. Below is a transcription of the code and its explanation.#### Java Class Definition```javapublic class Product { private String name; private double cost; public Product(String n, double c) { name = n; cost = c; } public String getName() { return name; } public double getCost() { return cost; } public String toString() { return (name + " $" + cost); }}```**Explanation**:- The `Product` class has two private fields, `name` (a `String`) and `cost` (a `double`).- It has a constructor that initializes these fields.- Methods `getName()` and `getCost()` return the product's name and cost respectively.- The `toString()` method returns a formatted string containing the product's name and cost.#### ArrayList Operations```javaArrayList cart1 = new ArrayList();ArrayList cart2 = cart1;cart1.add(new Product("Shampoo", 13.89));cart1.add(new Product("Bread", 4.99));cart1.add(new Product("Cereal", 7.49));System.out.println(cart2.size());cart2.remove(1);System.out.println(cart1.get(1));```**Explanation**:- `cart1` and `cart2` are created as `ArrayList` references to hold `Product` objects. `cart2` is directly set to reference `cart1`.- Three `Product` objects ("Shampoo", "Bread", "Cereal") with specified costs are added to `cart1`.- Since `cart2` is referencing `cart1`, `System.out.println(cart2.size());` outputs the number `3`, indicating three products in the list.- The `remove(1)` method call on `cart2` removes the second item ("Bread") from the list (because indexing starts at 0).- `System.out.println(cart1.get(1));` prints the second product, which is now "Cereal $7.49", due to the removal of "Bread".### Final Output- The size of the list before removal: **

Explanation-: Here we have a class Called Product. It have following member -: Constructor-: Product() which takes two argument string and double which initializes the object. Member Function-: getName()-> which returns the name of the object of the class product Member Function-: getCost()-> which returns the cost of the object of the class product. Member Function-: toString()-> which returns the string concatenation of name and cost of the object of the class product.Now ArrayList<Product> cart1=new ArrayList<Product>() creates array of object of class Product. // Creates an ArrayList object // (Declaring List of Product type) Now ArrayList<Product> cart2=cart1 creates an exact copy of the arrayList of the object cart1 in cart2 but address of both arrayList would be same. Both cart2 and cart1 points to the same array of objects. cart1.add(new Product("Shampoo",13.89) is used to create a object which is initialize by name="Shampoo" and cost=13.89 and would be added on arrayList cart1 Here object is initialized automatically by constructor Product(string n, double c). Like wise all 3 objects are created and initialized in the arrayList of objects cart1 Now since cart2 and cart 1 points to the same array of object so size of cart2 would be same as size of cart1 i.e 3. now cart2.remove(1) would remove the object at index 1 of the array of object cart1 and cart2. i.e Bread Now cart1.get(1) would point to object at index 1 of the array of object cart1 and cart2 so after cart2.remove(1) statement cart1.get(1) would point to cereal &7.49

Engineering

Computer Science

public class Product { private String name; private double cost; public Product(String n, double c) { name=n; cost=c; } public String getName() { return name; } public double getCost() { return cost; } public String toString() { return (name + "$" + cost); } What is the output of the code on the right? } 3 Cereal $7.49 ArrayList cart1 = new ArrayList(); ArrayList cart2 = cart1; cart1.add(new Product("Shampoo",13.89)); cart1.add(new Product("Bread",4.99)); cart1.add(new Product("Cereal",7.49)); System.out.println(cart2.size()); cart2.remove(1); System.out.println(cart1.get(1));

public class Product { private String name; private double cost; public Product(String n, double c) { name=n; cost=c; } public String getName() { return name; } public double getCost() { return cost; } public String toString() { return (name + "$" + cost); } What is the output of the code on the right? } 3 Cereal $7.49 ArrayList cart1 = new ArrayList(); ArrayList cart2 = cart1; cart1.add(new Product("Shampoo",13.89)); cart1.add(new Product("Bread",4.99)); cart1.add(new Product("Cereal",7.49)); System.out.println(cart2.size()); cart2.remove(1); System.out.println(cart1.get(1));

EBK JAVA PROGRAMMING

9th Edition

ISBN:9781337671385

Author:FARRELL

Publisher:FARRELL

Chapter10: Introduction To Inheritance

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14RQ

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Concept explainers

OOPs

In today's technology-driven world, computer programming skills are in high demand. The object-oriented programming (OOP) approach is very much useful while designing and maintaining software programs. Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a basic programming paradigm that almost every developer has used at some stage in their career.

Constructor

The easiest way to think of a constructor in object-oriented programming (OOP) languages is:

Question

can you give me a background explanation i can use to approach this problem?

### Code Analysis and Output Explanation

The image shows a Java code snippet divided into two main parts: a class definition and a test of that class with an `ArrayList`. Below is a transcription of the code and its explanation.

#### Java Class Definition

```java
public class Product {
private String name;
private double cost;

public Product(String n, double c) {
name = n;
cost = c;
}

public String getName() {
return name;
}

public double getCost() {
return cost;
}

public String toString() {
return (name + " $" + cost);
}
}
```

**Explanation**:
- The `Product` class has two private fields, `name` (a `String`) and `cost` (a `double`).
- It has a constructor that initializes these fields.
- Methods `getName()` and `getCost()` return the product's name and cost respectively.
- The `toString()` method returns a formatted string containing the product's name and cost.

#### ArrayList Operations

```java
ArrayList<Product> cart1 = new ArrayList<Product>();
ArrayList<Product> cart2 = cart1;

cart1.add(new Product("Shampoo", 13.89));
cart1.add(new Product("Bread", 4.99));
cart1.add(new Product("Cereal", 7.49));

System.out.println(cart2.size());

cart2.remove(1);
System.out.println(cart1.get(1));
```

**Explanation**:
- `cart1` and `cart2` are created as `ArrayList` references to hold `Product` objects. `cart2` is directly set to reference `cart1`.
- Three `Product` objects ("Shampoo", "Bread", "Cereal") with specified costs are added to `cart1`.
- Since `cart2` is referencing `cart1`, `System.out.println(cart2.size());` outputs the number `3`, indicating three products in the list.
- The `remove(1)` method call on `cart2` removes the second item ("Bread") from the list (because indexing starts at 0).
- `System.out.println(cart1.get(1));` prints the second product, which is now "Cereal $7.49", due to the removal of "Bread".

### Final Output

- The size of the list before removal: **

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