Proteins are made from chains of amino acids. The amino acids are joined together by structures called peptide bonds. For this problem, draw all hydrogen atoms explicitly. Part A Draw the dipeptide that results when a peptide bond is formed between the two glycine molecules shown here. (Figure 1) Draw it as it would occur at the pH of most body fluids. Draw the molecule on the canvas by choosing buttons from the Tools (for bonds), Atoms, and Advanced Template toolbars. The single bond is active by default. Include all hydrogen atoms and charges.

Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
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Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
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The image depicts the structural formulas of two molecules of glycine, a simple amino acid. Each glycine molecule is shown in its zwitterionic form, which is typical in aqueous solutions.

### Molecule Structure Description:

1. **Left Glycine Molecule:**
   - **Nitrogen (N):** Attached to three hydrogen atoms (H), with a +1 charge, forming an ammonium ion (NH₃⁺).
   - **Alpha Carbon (C):** Connected to one hydrogen atom, the nitrogen group, and a carboxylate group.
   - **Carboxylate Group (COO⁻):** Consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen (O) and single-bonded to another oxygen carrying a -1 charge.

2. **Right Glycine Molecule:**
   - Has an identical structure to the left molecule, featuring the same zwitterionic form.

### Explanation:
- **Zwitterion Formation:** In water, glycine exists as a zwitterion, meaning it has both positive and negative charges that balance each other out.
- **Relevance:** This form is crucial for understanding how amino acids behave in biological systems and buffers, contributing to protein structure and function.

This depiction simplifies understanding of the dual charge character that amino acids can exhibit in physiological pH conditions.
Transcribed Image Text:The image depicts the structural formulas of two molecules of glycine, a simple amino acid. Each glycine molecule is shown in its zwitterionic form, which is typical in aqueous solutions. ### Molecule Structure Description: 1. **Left Glycine Molecule:** - **Nitrogen (N):** Attached to three hydrogen atoms (H), with a +1 charge, forming an ammonium ion (NH₃⁺). - **Alpha Carbon (C):** Connected to one hydrogen atom, the nitrogen group, and a carboxylate group. - **Carboxylate Group (COO⁻):** Consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen (O) and single-bonded to another oxygen carrying a -1 charge. 2. **Right Glycine Molecule:** - Has an identical structure to the left molecule, featuring the same zwitterionic form. ### Explanation: - **Zwitterion Formation:** In water, glycine exists as a zwitterion, meaning it has both positive and negative charges that balance each other out. - **Relevance:** This form is crucial for understanding how amino acids behave in biological systems and buffers, contributing to protein structure and function. This depiction simplifies understanding of the dual charge character that amino acids can exhibit in physiological pH conditions.
**Protein Structure and Peptide Bonds**

Proteins are made from chains of amino acids. The amino acids are joined together by structures called peptide bonds.

**Drawing Peptide Bonds**

For this problem, draw all hydrogen atoms explicitly.

**Part A**

Draw the dipeptide that results when a peptide bond is formed between the two glycine molecules shown here. (Figure 1) Draw it as it would occur at the pH of most body fluids.

Draw the molecule on the canvas by choosing buttons from the Tools (for bonds), Atoms, and Advanced Template toolbars. The single bond is active by default. Include all hydrogen atoms and charges.
Transcribed Image Text:**Protein Structure and Peptide Bonds** Proteins are made from chains of amino acids. The amino acids are joined together by structures called peptide bonds. **Drawing Peptide Bonds** For this problem, draw all hydrogen atoms explicitly. **Part A** Draw the dipeptide that results when a peptide bond is formed between the two glycine molecules shown here. (Figure 1) Draw it as it would occur at the pH of most body fluids. Draw the molecule on the canvas by choosing buttons from the Tools (for bonds), Atoms, and Advanced Template toolbars. The single bond is active by default. Include all hydrogen atoms and charges.
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