Problem modified from Example 5.8. The 20-cm-diameter (= d) tank of Figure 5.15 shown in the textbook contains chloroform, and it is being drained by the attached piping system. The pipe Section itself is made of 3-nominal schedule 40 commercial steel and it is 25 m long. Considering minor losses (90° elbow, regular), determine the variation of velocity and height with time if the height h is allowed to vary from an initial value of 2 m to 1.2 m. Assuming that the constant friction factor formulation can be applied. d b FIGURE 5.15. The unsteady draining tank problem.

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Fluid Dynamics

The study of the flow of gases and liquids, usually in and around solid surfaces, is known as fluid dynamics in physics and engineering. Fluid dynamics, for example, can be used to evaluate the movement of air through an airplane wing or the surface of a vehicle. It can also be used in ship design to increase the speed at which ships pass through water.