Problem 8.11 Chlorine Gas Chlorine gas is to be heated from 110.0°C to 180.0°C Calculate the heat input (kW) required to heat a stream of the gas flowing at 14.0 kmol/min. ___________ kW PART B: Heat Input for Closed Vessel Calculate the heat input required to raise the temperature of 14.0 kmol of chlorine in a closed rigid vessel from 110.0°C to 180.0°C at 1 atm. (Suggestion: Evaluate   Δ⁢U∧⁢   directly from the result of the first calculation, so that you do not have to perform another integration.)

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Properties of Pure Substances

A substance with fixed chemical composition throughout is called a pure substance like water, air, and nitrogen. A pure substance does not have to be a single element or compound. A mixture of two or more phases of a pure substance is also a pure substance as long as the chemical composition is the same for all phases. These substances mainly have a constant/ uniform composition. The substances also have fixed boiling and melting points. A pure substance takes part in a chemical reaction to form predictable products.