**Problem 6: EGL and HGL (II)****Part A**Why is the energy gradient (i.e., the slope of the EGL = EL) larger in pipe 2 than in pipes 1 or 3? (≤10 words)*Answer: Pipe 2 has greater flow resistance.***Part B**Why are the EGL and HGL not parallel in this figure? (≤10 words)*Answer: Velocity head causes EGL-HGL difference.*---**Diagrams Explanation:**The first diagram shows a series of connected pipes labeled 1, 2, and 3, illustrating the Energy Grade Line (EGL) and Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL). The EGL is represented by the topmost line, and the HGL is slightly below it. Pipe 2 has a steeper slope compared to pipes 1 and 3, indicating a larger energy gradient due to increased flow resistance.The second diagram provides a more detailed view of a sloped pipe. It includes the following details:- Labels 1 and 2 indicate sections along the pipe with an energy difference of Δx.- The EGL and HGL are depicted as separate lines. The EGL is higher than the HGL because of the velocity head difference, illustrating why they are not parallel.- "αv²/2g" represents the velocity head.- "E" is the energy line, and "H" is the hydraulic grade line, with a slope of Sw.- "Datum" is a reference line below the pipe indicating the base level.- "Δx" is the energy drop corresponding to the pipe slope.- "L" is the length of the pipe.These diagrams help explain the concepts of energy and hydraulic grade lines in fluid systems.

This question is related to the Fluid mechanic from Civil Engineering.In this question ask about the…

Problem 6: EGL and HGL (II) Part A Why is the energy gradient (i.e., the slope of the EGL=EL) larger in pipe 2 than in pipes 1 or 3? (≤10 words) Part B Why are the EGL and HGL not parallel in this figure? (<10 words) H V² 28 HGL 2 EL Hydraulic grade line, slope = S, Ax - Energy line, slope = Sy Bed ylope Datum h₂ - Az 2 4 ·x

Problem 6: EGL and HGL (II) Part A Why is the energy gradient (i.e., the slope of the EGL=EL) larger in pipe 2 than in pipes 1 or 3? (≤10 words) Part B Why are the EGL and HGL not parallel in this figure? (<10 words) H V² 28 HGL 2 EL Hydraulic grade line, slope = S, Ax - Energy line, slope = Sy Bed ylope Datum h₂ - Az 2 4 ·x

Structural Analysis

6th Edition

ISBN:9781337630931

Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.

Chapter2: Loads On Structures

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Concept explainers

Pressurized pipe flow

A 15-kilometer-long pipe with a pipe diameter of one meter transports water at a speed of one meter per second. The pipe has a friction coefficient of 0.005. Calculate the frictional head loss?

Question

**Problem 6: EGL and HGL (II)**

**Part A**

Why is the energy gradient (i.e., the slope of the EGL = EL) larger in pipe 2 than in pipes 1 or 3? (≤10 words)

*Answer: Pipe 2 has greater flow resistance.*

**Part B**

Why are the EGL and HGL not parallel in this figure? (≤10 words)

*Answer: Velocity head causes EGL-HGL difference.*

---

**Diagrams Explanation:**

The first diagram shows a series of connected pipes labeled 1, 2, and 3, illustrating the Energy Grade Line (EGL) and Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL). The EGL is represented by the topmost line, and the HGL is slightly below it. Pipe 2 has a steeper slope compared to pipes 1 and 3, indicating a larger energy gradient due to increased flow resistance.

The second diagram provides a more detailed view of a sloped pipe. It includes the following details:

- Labels 1 and 2 indicate sections along the pipe with an energy difference of Δx.
- The EGL and HGL are depicted as separate lines. The EGL is higher than the HGL because of the velocity head difference, illustrating why they are not parallel.
- "αv²/2g" represents the velocity head.
- "E" is the energy line, and "H" is the hydraulic grade line, with a slope of Sw.
- "Datum" is a reference line below the pipe indicating the base level.
- "Δx" is the energy drop corresponding to the pipe slope.
- "L" is the length of the pipe.

These diagrams help explain the concepts of energy and hydraulic grade lines in fluid systems.

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