Problem – 1: Design a round spiral column to support an axial dead load of 800 kN and an axial live load of 1350 kN. Assume that 2% longitudinal steel is desired, f = 27.6 MPa and fy = 414 MPa. Use 25 - mm main reinforcement and 10 – mm lateral reinforcements with 30 mm steel covering. Make sure to include both the cross-sectional profile as well as the lateral profile of the design. Draw your diagrams neatly, this is a design.

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Highway Drainage

Highway drainage is the process of extracting and regulating the excess surface water on the pavement by giving the desired slope. The construction of a highway drain helps to divert the water present on the surface, and sub-grade by the means of slope. Highway drainage systems are a necessary part of smooth functioning of traffic, since the highway drainage systems provide proper disposal of unwanted substances from the highways.