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Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Please help me with these questions, more than one answer may be correct for each:

The above figures are showing the results BMAL1 gene knockout on the GFR and blood aldosterone in a mouse model over a 24-hour period (12h light, 12h dark). ZT stands for Zeitgeber times, which is simply the number of hours since the beginning of the light period in the day. GFR (dashed lines) was tested for a match to the modeled circadian cycle (solid line in top figure), and a p-value < 0.05 indicates a significant match (both control and knockouts were tested against the same modeled circadian cycle). Significant differences between control (black) and knockout (red) mice blood aldosterone are marked with stars.

1) Genes/proteins that one could knockout that would likely have a similar effect include:

	H ATPase
	NA/K ATPase
	PER
	Anion exchanger
	Cryptochrome

2) According to the figures above, knockout mice appear to:

	have higher aldosterone production
	lose circadian rhythmicity to GFR
	live longer lives
	have lower aldosterone production
	have higher GFR

A
GFR (μl/min)
B
GFR (μl/min
C
Aldosterone (pg/ml)
380 Control
340
300
260
340
300
380BMAL1 knockout
260
450
300
0
150
0
4
600 ANOVA,
ANOVA genotype
p = 0.0095 I
Circadian fit;
p = 0.023
8 12 16 20 24
ZT (hours)
0
4 8
ZT (hours)
H
Circadian fit;
p = 0.818
12 16 20 24
T
4 8 12
HIO
第一重
ZT (hours)
*
16 20
24

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