**Performance: Maximum End-to-End Throughput**Consider a scenario where a single source client is sending data to a server over two links. The capacities of these links are as follows: \( R_1 = 100 \, \text{Mbps} \) and \( R_3 = 50 \, \text{Mbps} \).**Diagram Description:**- The diagram shows a laptop (client) connected via a network to a server.- The connection involves two segments: - The first segment has a capacity of \( R_1 = 100 \, \text{Mbps} \), represented by an arrow pointing to a network device (like a router or switch). - The second segment follows from the network device to the server with a capacity of \( R_3 = 50 \, \text{Mbps} \).**Question:**What is the maximum achievable end-to-end throughput (in Mbps, give an integer value) for the client-to-server pair, assuming that the client is trying to send at its maximum rate?- Options: - 10 Mbps - 50 Mbps - Depends on the packet size - 100 Mbps**Note:** The correct answer is based on the lowest link capacity in the path, known as the bottleneck. Hence, the maximum achievable throughput is limited by \( R_3 = 50 \, \text{Mbps} \).Your answer is incorrect!

A client-to-server pair refers to a fundamental communication relationship in computer networking, where a client device initiates a connection to a server. In this arrangement, the client is typically a user's device or application seeking services or resources, while the server is a dedicated machine or software application that provides those services. The client sends requests to the server, and the server responds by processing these requests and delivering the requested data or services back to the client. This client-server model is pervasive in various networked applications, such as web browsing, email, and file sharing. The client and server roles have distinct responsibilities, with the client initiating requests and the server fulfilling them, creating a structured and efficient framework for distributed computing and resource sharing in networked environments.Correct Option: b. 50 MbpsExplanation:1. Bottleneck Link: The throughput of a communication path is limited by its bottleneck, which is the link with the lowest capacity. In this scenario, the bottleneck link is .2. Maximum Achievable Throughput: The maximum achievable throughput for the client-to-server pair is constrained by the slowest link, . Even though has a higher capacity, the client's data rate is restricted by the capacity of .3. Reasoning: If the client attempts to send data at a rate higher than , it will experience congestion at , and the excess data cannot be accommodated. Therefore, the maximum end-to-end throughput is .Now, let's discuss why the other options are incorrect:Incorrect Options:a. 10 Mbps: - This is incorrect because the throughput is not limited by a link with a capacity of 10 Mbps. The bottleneck link, , has a capacity of 50 Mbps.c. Depends on the packet size: - While packet size can influence efficiency and throughput, the fundamental limitation in this scenario is the link capacity. The bottleneck link () determines the maximum achievable throughput, regardless of packet size.d. 100 Mbps: - This is incorrect because the throughput is limited by the bottleneck link, , not . Even though has a higher capacity, the slower link governs the maximum achievable end-to-end throughput.Conclusion:- The correct option is b. 50 Mbps because the maximum throughput is determined by the capacity of the bottleneck link ().- Incorrect options fail to recognize the importance of identifying the bottleneck link, incorrectly suggest a fixed throughput unrelated to the bottleneck, or introduce factors like packet size that are secondary to the link capacities in this specific scenario.

Engineering

Computer Science

Performance: Maximum end-end throughput. Consider the scenario shown below, with a single source client sending to a server over two links of capacities R₁=100 Mbps and R3=50 Mbps. 10 Mbps What is the maximum achievable end-end throughput (in Mbps, give an integer value) for the client-to-server pair, assuming that the client is trying to send at its maximum rate? 50 Mbps R₁ Depends to the packet size 100 Mbps R3

Performance: Maximum end-end throughput. Consider the scenario shown below, with a single source client sending to a server over two links of capacities R₁=100 Mbps and R3=50 Mbps. 10 Mbps What is the maximum achievable end-end throughput (in Mbps, give an integer value) for the client-to-server pair, assuming that the client is trying to send at its maximum rate? 50 Mbps R₁ Depends to the packet size 100 Mbps R3

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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Assume there are two hosts X and Y that are connected with the help of a router T having: X-T link of infinite bandwidth. The T-Y link can send one packet per second. T's queue is infinite. You have to measure the load as the number of packets per second sent from X to T also sketch a curve for throughput and the delay, each as a function of load.
Q4: What is the total delay (latency) for a frame of size 6 million bits that is being sent on a link with 5 routers each having a queuing time of 5 µs and a processing time of 2 us. The length of the link is 3000 Km. The speed of light inside the link is 2 × 10^8 m/s. The link has a bandwidth of 10 Mbps. Which component of the total delay is dominant? Which one is negligible?
Use again the network architecture provided in the figure above, were Rs, Rc and Ri for i = {1,2,3,4}, the transmission rates of the server link, client link and intermediate network links. Consider a message that is 60 · 106 bits long that is to be sent from client to server. Ignore propagation, queuing, and processing delays. c.How long does it take to move the file from source host to destination host when message segmentation is used and both path R1, R2 and path R3, R4 are used? How many packages should be routed from path R1, R2 and how many from path R3, R4 in order to maximize the use of the network? d.What is the end to end throughput if path R1, R2 is used, and what if path R3, R4 is used? What is the total throughput from client to server (if both paths are being used at the same time)?
Consider the throughput example presented in the figure below. Now suppose that there are 4 client-server pairs. Denote Rs1, Rs2, Rs3,Rs4 ,Rc1 ,Rc2 ,Rc3, Rc4 and R for the rates of the server links, client links, and network link. Assume all other links have abundant capacity and that there is no other traffic in the network besides the traffic generated by the 4 client-server pairs. Question:derive a general expression for throughput for the Client Server pair 1, in terms of Rsi, ,Rciand R.
Suppose two hosts (Host-A and Host-B) are connected through a shared Ethernet bus of 1 Mbps. The distance between two nodes is 5 meters. The signal propagation speed over physical media is 2.5 x 10^5 meters/second. Compute the propagation delay in this case. What will be the propagation delay for a shared bus of 10 Mbps instead Suppose both hosts sense idle channel at the same time and starts transmission. Will it result in collision (yes or no) If yes: How much time is needed to detect this collision at Host-A? If yes: How much time is needed to detect this collision at Host-B?
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2. Now suppose there are two links between source and destination, with one router connecting the two links. Each link is 5,000 km long. Again suppose the MP3 file is sent as one packet. Suppose there is no congestion, so that the packet is transmitted onto the second link as soon as the router receives the entire packet. What is the end-to-end delay?
Consider the throughput example presented in the figure below. Now suppose that there are 4 client-server pairs. Denote RS1, RS2, RS3, RS4, RC1, RC2, RC3, RC4 and R for the rates of the server links, client links, and network link. Assume all other links have abundant capacity and that there is no other traffic in the network besides the traffic generated by the 4 client-server pairs. Question:Assume that for i = {1,2,3,4}, RSi = RCi = R. Furthermore, assume that all routers have infinite buffer capacity, meaning that packets are never dropped and are eventually forwarded by a router. What is the throughput for the Client Server pair 1? What is the throughput for Client Server pair 3?
Delays. A user in Madagascar, connected to the internet via a 100 Mb/s (b=bits) connection retrieves a 250 KB (B=bytes) web page from a server in Tokyo, where the page references three images of 500 KB each. Assume that the one-way propagation delay is 82 ms and that the user’s access link is the bandwidth bottleneck for this connection. a.) Approximately how long does it take for the page (including images) to appear on the user’s screen, assuming non-persistent HTTP using a single connection at a time? (For this part, you should ignore queueing delay and transmission delays at other links in the network)b.) Assume a cache rate of 45% on the information received by the user in Madagascar from the Tokyo server. How does this affect your answer in a? Show your work.