End-to-end and network-assisted congestion control. Data-center networks control congestion hop-by-hop. In this technique, a downstream router/host explicitly informs the previous hop upstream router/host about its free buffer space, and the upstream router only sends a packet if the downstream router has buffer space. A. In the three-hop example below, the first and third connections have capacity R, whereas the router link has R/2. The red and blue connections are similarly handled and have the same maximum throughput*. What is the red connection's maximum throughput? B-2-in: original data R R/2 R-hour ww B. Hop-by-hop congestion control: buffer overflow retransmission? C. Does hop-by-hop congestion control need retransmission?

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A: The reason for the above scenario is as follows.

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A: in hop-by-hop congnetion control just because of buffer overflow the sender does not perform the…

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A: The question is solved in step2

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Network transmission cabling

A network is a collection of devices connected by communication links. A device can be a computer or any instrument capable of sending and receiving data or information formed by other nodes toward the network. A channel that connects people or things is known as a network. It sends the data from one place to another. It is the basic concept of a computer, network, and data communications.