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perature (Tg) is the temperature range where a polymer chain gains segmental bility of the polymer chains depends on (1) the presence of stiffening and flexibili rporated in the polymer backbone and (2) the presence of functional groups atta mer backbone. These functional groups attached to the polymer backbone is cll ps. For example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has a higher glass transition temp ethylene adipate. The terephthalic acid moiety in polyethylene terephthalate siderably an inflexible unit. Furthermore, the terephthalic acid moiety stiffens t kbone and restricts polymer chain mobility. On the other hand, the adipic acic ethylene adipate is flexible; thus, making the polymer backbone chains more freely ct of pendant groups in the glass transition temperature is very evident by comparin sition temperatures of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). tively higher glass transition temperature than LDPE attributed to the presence of t p (-OH) which can form strong hydrogen bonds with other polymer chains. Wherea n polymer chains can only interact with each other via the much weaker London disper glass transition temperature of polymers also increase due to polymer backbone sy presence of crosslinks Adding additives such as plasticizers on the other hand de

perature (Tg) is the temperature range where a polymer chain gains segmental bility of the polymer chains depends on (1) the presence of stiffening and flexibili rporated in the polymer backbone and (2) the presence of functional groups atta mer backbone. These functional groups attached to the polymer backbone is cll ps. For example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has a higher glass transition temp ethylene adipate. The terephthalic acid moiety in polyethylene terephthalate siderably an inflexible unit. Furthermore, the terephthalic acid moiety stiffens t kbone and restricts polymer chain mobility. On the other hand, the adipic acic ethylene adipate is flexible; thus, making the polymer backbone chains more freely ct of pendant groups in the glass transition temperature is very evident by comparin sition temperatures of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). tively higher glass transition temperature than LDPE attributed to the presence of t p (-OH) which can form strong hydrogen bonds with other polymer chains. Wherea n polymer chains can only interact with each other via the much weaker London disper glass transition temperature of polymers also increase due to polymer backbone sy presence of crosslinks Adding additives such as plasticizers on the other hand de

Chemistry
Chemistry
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ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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Properties of Polymers The properties of the polymers are usually governed by its structure. One such important property of polymers that is being analysed is the glass transition temperature. The glass transition temperature (Tg) is the temperature range where a polymer chain gains segmental motion. The flexibility of the polymer chains depends on (1) the presence of stiffening and flexibilizing groups incorporated in the polymer backbone and (2) the presence of functional groups attached to the polymer backbone. These functional groups attached to the polymer backbone is called pendant groups. For example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has a higher glass transition temperature than polyethylene adipate. The terephthalic acid moiety in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is considerably an inflexible unit. Furthermore, the terephthalic acid moiety stiffens the polymer backbone and restricts polymer chain mobility. On the other hand, the adipic acid moiety in polyethylene adipate is flexible; thus, making the polymer backbone chains more freely mobile. The effect of pendant groups in the glass transition temperature is very evident by comparing the glass transition temperatures of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). PVA has a relatively higher glass transition temperature than LDPE attributed to the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH) which can form strong hydrogen bonds with other polymer chains. Whereas in LDPE, each polymer chains can only interact with each other via the much weaker London dispersion forces. The glass transition temperature of polymers also increase due to polymer backbone symmetry and the presence of crosslinks. Adding aditives such as plasticizers, on the other hand, decreases the glass transition temperatures of polymers. Table. Approximate glass transition temperatures (Tg) for selected polymers Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) Polymer Chemical Structure он Polyethylene Adipate 223 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) 342 нн Low density - 148 polyethylene (LDPE) H H Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) 358 Но Another important property of polymers is its melting temperature. Melting temperature (Tm) is the temperature range in which the whole polymer chains become mobile. Synonymous to Tg, the melting temperature is higher for polymers having stiffening groups in the backbone and pendant groups that may form stronger intermolecular forces of attraction.
Transcribed Image Text:Properties of Polymers The properties of the polymers are usually governed by its structure. One such important property of polymers that is being analysed is the glass transition temperature. The glass transition temperature (Tg) is the temperature range where a polymer chain gains segmental motion. The flexibility of the polymer chains depends on (1) the presence of stiffening and flexibilizing groups incorporated in the polymer backbone and (2) the presence of functional groups attached to the polymer backbone. These functional groups attached to the polymer backbone is called pendant groups. For example, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has a higher glass transition temperature than polyethylene adipate. The terephthalic acid moiety in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is considerably an inflexible unit. Furthermore, the terephthalic acid moiety stiffens the polymer backbone and restricts polymer chain mobility. On the other hand, the adipic acid moiety in polyethylene adipate is flexible; thus, making the polymer backbone chains more freely mobile. The effect of pendant groups in the glass transition temperature is very evident by comparing the glass transition temperatures of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). PVA has a relatively higher glass transition temperature than LDPE attributed to the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH) which can form strong hydrogen bonds with other polymer chains. Whereas in LDPE, each polymer chains can only interact with each other via the much weaker London dispersion forces. The glass transition temperature of polymers also increase due to polymer backbone symmetry and the presence of crosslinks. Adding aditives such as plasticizers, on the other hand, decreases the glass transition temperatures of polymers. Table. Approximate glass transition temperatures (Tg) for selected polymers Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) Polymer Chemical Structure он Polyethylene Adipate 223 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) 342 нн Low density - 148 polyethylene (LDPE) H H Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) 358 Но Another important property of polymers is its melting temperature. Melting temperature (Tm) is the temperature range in which the whole polymer chains become mobile. Synonymous to Tg, the melting temperature is higher for polymers having stiffening groups in the backbone and pendant groups that may form stronger intermolecular forces of attraction.
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