Patients who have experienced significant blood loss by hemorrhage(30–40% of total blood volume) often feel intensely thirsty. Whichmechanism has been activated in these patients?

Phlebotomy Essentials
6th Edition
ISBN:9781451194524
Author:Ruth McCall, Cathee M. Tankersley MT(ASCP)
Publisher:Ruth McCall, Cathee M. Tankersley MT(ASCP)
Chapter1: Phlebotomy: Past And Present And The Healthcare Setting
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Patients who have experienced significant blood loss by hemorrhage
(30–40% of total blood volume) often feel intensely thirsty. Which
mechanism has been activated in these patients?

Expert Solution
Step 1 Introduction

Bleeding, also known as bleeding, is the name for blood loss. It may refer to a blood loss in the body, called an internal hemorrhage, or a blood loss outside the body called an external hemorrhage. Bleeding can happen in almost any part of the body. Internal hemorrhage occurs when blood flows from a damaged blood vessel or organ. External bleeding occurs when blood flows out through broken skin.

Step 2 Neural regulation of thirst

Special sensors in the hypothalamus continuously control the concentration of sodium and other substances in the bloodstream.

When the body runs out of water, the hypothalamus increases the synthesis of an anti-diuretic hormone called vasopressin, which is secreted by the pituitary gland and moves towards the kidneys. Vasopressin increases water absorption from collecting tubes of nephrons by stimulating aquaporins expression over the membranes, and subsequently reduces urinary flow and retaining water in the body more fluids are consumed.

However, if the pituitary gland is damaged or the kidneys are unable to react to vasopressin, the body is unable to retain liquids. The result may be diabetes insipidus, a condition characterized by excessive micturition and extreme and uncontrollable thirst.

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