Part III – Apply and Analyze Newly studied parasite-host relationships have demonstrated the influence of and preference for sexual reproduction in antagonistic coevolving species. Evaluate the following study to answer the questions further below. COEVOLUTION H' H° H H etc. EVOLUTION H° H H etc. Control O Evolution O Coevolution Frozen stocks Time Figure 3. Parasite-host interaction in nematodes. Credit: From Brockhurst, M.A. 2011. Sex, death and the Red Queen. Science 333(6039): 166–167. Reprinted with permission from AAAS. Brockhurst (2011), in a commentary on a study by Morran et al. (2011), discussed experimental evidence that coevolving parasites may select for sexual reproduction in their host species; specifically, how sexual reproduction may accelerate adaptation by examining a host, capable of both asexual and sexual reproduction, adapting to a parasite over a period of time. Using a Nematode worm host (H) and its corresponding parasite (p), they devised two tests. First, they allowed the two species to co-evolve over numerous generations of both host (H®, H', H², H') and parasite (Pº, P', P", P'). Then, using frozen stocks of parasite (Pº, Pº, Pº, P"), they infected a new generation of the host (H°, H', H², H') to examine the one-sided evolutionary progression of the host only. The rate of sexual reproduction of the host was graphed for both scenarios and compared to a control. Questions 7. Compare the rate of sexual reproduction for the coevolving scenario as compared to the evolution scenario. What was the preferred adaptive strategy of the host species for coevolution? For evolution? Why? 8. What was occurring at the spike and quick decline in the evolution graph? Base your response in the context of the Red Queen Hypothesis (i.e., host adaptation, parasite adaptation, fitness loss, and deteriorating environment). Rate of sexual reproduction

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Question

What was occurring at the spike and quick decline in the evolution graph? Base your response in the context of the
Red Queen Hypothesis (i.e., host adaptation, parasite adaptation, ftness loss, and deteriorating environment).

Use the graph in the image to answer the question

Part III – Apply and Analyze
Newly studied parasite-host relationships have demonstrated the influence of and preference for sexual reproduction in
antagonistic coevolving species. Evaluate the following study to answer the questions further below.
COEVOLUTION
H°
H
etc.
EVOLUTION
H
H°
H'
H
etc.
Control
O Evolution
O Coevolution
Frozen
Time
stocks
Figure 3. Parasite-host interaction in nematodes. Credit: From Brockhurst, M.A. 2011. Sex, death and the Red Queen. Science
333(6039): 166–167. Reprinted with permission from AAAS.
Brockhurst (2011), in a commentary on a study by Morran et al. (2011), discussed experimental evidence that
coevolving parasites may select for sexual reproduction in their host species; specifically, how sexual reproduction may
accelerate adaptation by examining a host, capable of both asexual and sexual reproduction, adapting to a parasite over
a period of time. Using a Nematode worm host (H) and its corresponding parasite (p), they devised two tests. First,
they allowed the two species to co-evolve over numerous generations of both host (H®, H', H², H³) and parasite (P",
P', P', P³). Then, using frozen stocks of parasite (P", P°, Pº, P"), they infected a new generation of the host (H®, H', H²,
H®) to examine the one-sided evolutionary progression of the host only. The rate of sexual reproduction of the host
was graphed for both scenarios and compared to a control.
Questions
7. Compare the rate of sexual reproduction for the coevolving scenario as compared to the evolution scenario. What
was the preferred adaptive strategy of the host species for coevolution? For evolution? Why?
8. What was occurring at the spike and quick decline in the evolution graph? Base your response in the context of the
Red Queen Hypothesis (i.e., host adaptation, parasite adaptation, fitness loss, and deteriorating environment).
Rate of sexual reproduction

Definition Definition Organism that lives in the body of another organism and obtains food at the expense of the host. A parasite can directly or indirect harm the host. There are two kinds of parasites: internal and external. An internal parasite lives inside another organism and is known as an endoparasite. An external parasite lives on the body surface of the host and is known as an ectoparasite. Protozoa and helminths are examples of major human parasites.

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