How does reproductive isolation differ in sympatric modes and allopatric modes of speciation?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Synthesis:  How does reproductive isolation differ in sympatric modes and allopatric modes of speciation?
Sympatric speciation does not require geographic isolation. In this
model, populations can live in the same area, but may occupy different
niches. A niche refers to an organism's way of life, which might include
aspects of how it hunts, where it lives, and food preferences.
For example, 200 years ago, apple maggot flies laid their eggs only on
hawthorns – but today, these flies lay eggs on hawthorns and domestic
apples (which were introduced to America). Females generally choose to
lay their eggs on the type of fruit they grew up in, and males tend to look
for mates on the type of fruit they grew up in. So hawthorn flies generally
end up mating with other hawthorn flies and apple flies generally end up
mating with other apple flies.
In general, sympatric evolution occurs within populations that are not
completely separate, but have separate behaviors or choices that
ISOLATE them.
Transcribed Image Text:Sympatric speciation does not require geographic isolation. In this model, populations can live in the same area, but may occupy different niches. A niche refers to an organism's way of life, which might include aspects of how it hunts, where it lives, and food preferences. For example, 200 years ago, apple maggot flies laid their eggs only on hawthorns – but today, these flies lay eggs on hawthorns and domestic apples (which were introduced to America). Females generally choose to lay their eggs on the type of fruit they grew up in, and males tend to look for mates on the type of fruit they grew up in. So hawthorn flies generally end up mating with other hawthorn flies and apple flies generally end up mating with other apple flies. In general, sympatric evolution occurs within populations that are not completely separate, but have separate behaviors or choices that ISOLATE them.
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