Paired Samples Statistics Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Mean N Pair 1 ErrorwithoutImage 6.0000 6 ErrorwithImage 10.0000 6 2.82843 2.60768 Pair 1 Paired Samples Correlations ErrorwithoutImage & ErrorwithImage N Correlation 6 -.054 1.15470 1.06458 Significance One-Sided p Two-Sided p .459 .919 Paired Samples Test Paired Differences Significance 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Pair 1 ErrorwithoutImage- ErrorwithImage Mean -4.00000 Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean 3.94968 Lower Upper t df One-Sided p Two-Sided p 1.61245 -8.14494 .14494 -2.481 5 .028 .056 Pair 1 ErrorwithoutImage - ErrorwithImage Paired Samples Effect Sizes Cohen's d Hedges' correction Standardizer Point Estimate 3.94968 4.69782 95% Confidence Interval -1.013 Lower -1.989 Upper .023 -.851 -1.672 .019 a. The denominator used in estimating the effect sizes. Cohen's d uses the sample standard deviation of the mean difference. Hedges' correction uses the sample standard deviation of the mean difference, plus a correction factor.
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4. A variety of research results suggest that visual images interfere with visual perception. In one study, Segal and Fusella (1970) had participants watch a screen, looking for brief presentations of a small blue arrow. On some trials, the participants were also asked to form a mental image (for example, imagine a volcano). The results show that participants made more errors while forming images than while not forming images. Data similar to the Segal and Fusella results are as follows. Do the data indicate a significant difference between the two conditions? Use a two-tailed test with α = .05. Use SPSS or PSPP to help you answer the questions. Copy all output and explain your answer.
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