Order the following extravasation-related events as they occur.                                                                 Oligosaccharide sulfated-sialyl-Lewis x moeity binds E-selectin                                                                 neutrophil extravasates through vascular endothelium into ECM                                                                 Neutrophil senses inflammatory cytokine                                                                 Oligosaccharide sulfated-sialyl-Lewis x moeity binds P-selectin                                                                 leukocyte integrins LFA-1 and CR3 bind ICAM-1 on the endothelium

Q: What type of immune response involved in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

A: The systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks…

Q: What is autoimmunity? Briefly describe this concept and provide at least 2 examples of autoimmune…

A: The immune system of our body protects the body against infection due to microbes and other…

Q: strep throat is the presence of swollen lymph nodes in the neck. This symptom usually peaks about…

A: The bacterial infection of the throat and tonsils is caused by the group A streptococcus. They…

Q: Antigen is injected through vaccination into the same site as a previous injection of that same…

A: Antigen antibody complex  This is an immune complex also called antigen bound antibody that is…

Q: Define these words?The following words should be used in the descriptive text; phagocytosis, pattern…

A: Primary immune deficiencies and secondary immune deficiencies are the two types of immunological…

Q: Which type of phagocyte is the first to be recruited to a site of inflammation?

A: Phagocyte can be defined as the type of cells that engulfs the pathogens such as bacteria and…

Q: Which is an antigen presenting cell is specialized for viral infections? macrophage neutrophil…

A: Introduction: The immune system comprises lymphoid organs, cells of the immune system (lymphoid…

Q: Which of the following substances induce chemotaxis? O Thromboxan O Postaglandines O LTB4 O All are…

A: Chemotaxis is the movement of an organism in response to any chemical stimuli. Here, recruitment and…

Q: What are side effects most common to immunosuppressive therapy? Why there is a high risk of…

A: The type of drugs or medicines that suppresses the strength of the body's immune system is referred…

Q: Which of the following statements is NOT correct? Group of answer choices -Natural killer cells are…

A: In both human and mice NK cells are known for directly inducing the death of tumor cells. They act…

Q: Write the main components of type 3 hypersensitivity reaction. Why phagocytic cells cannot…

A: "Hypersensitivity is the immune system's reaction to a foreign chemical that is not normally…

Q: The following are steps in the cell-mediated inflammatory response. Put them in the correct order.…

A: Cell-mediated immunity is an immune response resulting from the activation of cells of immune-system…

Q: i) Describe the above process. II) Why do O and P have different pathways for antigen processing…

A: introduction The adaptive, or acquired, immune reaction takes days or maybe weeks to become…

Q: y knocking out the following enes: ion of classical pathway C3 convertase ion of alternative pathway…

A: complement system refers to a series of more than 20 proteins circulating in blood and tissue…

Q: Where are Class I MHC proteins and Class II MHC proteins found?

A: Immunity is the potential of the body to fight infections that are caused by some pathogens. Many…

Q: Match the autoimmune disease in column A with its cause in column B.

A: The normal immune system functions to protect and defend the body against foreign invaders. In the…

Q: In local inflammation, the vasodilation of blood vessels in the area of infection is the result of…

A: Inflammation is an immune response, which occurs when the tissues are damaged by bacteria, trauma,…

Q: Pus is both a sign of infection and an indicator ofimmune defenses in action. Explain.

A: Pus is thick, opaque, yellowish protein-rich fluid that is filled with dead cells and white blood…

Q: Describe the process of desensitization that reduces the IgE response to an allergen.

A: The term "desensitization" refers to an immunological procedure that involves producing specific…

Q: Correctly order the steps in cellular Immunity. Below is a sequence of events. Place them in the…

A: The cell mediated immunity is a safe reaction that doesn't include antibodies. Rather, cell mediated…

Q: Discuss the involvement of T cells in organ transplantation and the diff erent ways that grafted…

A: Immunology is an important branch of biology which include the study of immunity of different…

Q: What co-stimulatory molecules are induced on macrophages and dendritic cells upon pathogen…

A: Co-stimulation is the process by which the immune cells in the presence of antigen-presenting cells…

Q: What is MHC?  List the specific cells that have MHC presentation and describe their role in the…

A: A sequence of genes that code for cell surface proteins that regulate the adaptive immune response…

Q: How can C3b be both a product of complement activation and an activator of the complement system?

A: In a complement system, the presence of foreign pathogens triggers the C3 protein.

Q: Discuss the potential side effect of the drugs cyclosporineand tacrolimus, which function by…

A: Cyclosporine is a particular drug that is used to prevent organ rejection, during organ like kidney,…

Q: Inflammatory responses may include which of the following? Reduced permeability of blood vessels to…

A: Inflammatory response is a part of of innate immunity. Innate immunity or response includes all the…

Q: Name the WBCs that produce antibodies.

A: The WBCs are the white blood cells or leukocytes and these are cells of the immune system that are…

Q: Antibodies attached to B lymphocytes that act as receptors for antigen are: IgA IgE IgD IgM IgG

A: Antibodies are the Y shaped proteins that help in signalling to the immune system by attaching to…

Q: C3 tested on all complement components?

A: INTRODUCTION         The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life forms. Every cell…

Q: Define T Cells and their role in organ transplantation.

A: The immune system is a protective mechanism of the human body to fight against foreign particles…

Q: 40. The diagram shown depicts an essential pathway for which of the following elements of the mes…

A: Here we have to describe about the mechanism that is showing in the picture

Q: Describe the cellular and vascular events of inflammation which lead to the four classic signs of…

A: The cellular response to short-term cell injury or infection is known as acute inflammation. Acute…

Q: Identify the lineage the following mature cell types differentiate from. Natural Killer Cell…

A: In the linear model of human natural killer cell development, hematopoietic stem cells differentiate…

Q: State the structure of the second line of defense that best fits the description. 1. cascade…

A: There are three lines of defence in our  body which provides protection against disease causing…

Q: lymph node traps antigens, make an analogy of the lymph node’s method of action and a busy highway…

A: The Immune System consists of many "cells" and chemicals that defend our bodies against infections.…

Q: Q/ finger-like projections that arise from the epithelial layer in some organs are called Cilia O…

A: The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is a double layer of lipids and proteins that…

Q: Why is C3 tested on all complement components?  What are the three complement pathways used by the…

A: The C3 protein is essential for activity in the complement system in the body.

Q: Describe anaphylactic shock is seen a person who produced a large amount of IgE than the person who…

A: The body's gerenally known for the defence mechanism against allergens, autoimmunity, and venom is…

Q: In hemolytic disease of the newborn please explain how the key immune components develop normally…

A: Hemolytic disease of the newborn, also known as HDN or erythroblastosis fetalis, is a condition that…

Q: Action of Mediators produced from mast cell:Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability:…

A: Mast cells is a kind of white blood cell found in all the connective tissues of the body such as…

Q: Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency LAD is an inherited disease which results in the inability of…

A: The complement system, additionally called complement cascade, could be a part of the system that…

Q: Describe the inflammatory lesion associated with lupus erythematosus.

A: Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune inflammatory disease. In this disease immune system attacks its…

Q: Describe the characteristics of subsets of T-cell types in the classic T-cell response.

A: Introduction  Our immune system plays key role in defence against harmful foreign particles be it…

Q: Where in the blood (precisely)are the antibodies located?

A: Blood is an intracellular fluid that transports gases, minerals, immunogen, nutrients, and other…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.