Optical tweezers use light from a laser to move single atoms and molecules around. Suppose the intensity of light from the tweezers is 1000 W/m², the same as the intensity of sunlight at the surface ofthe Earth.(a) What is the pressure on an atom if light from the tweezers is totally absorbed?Pa(b) If this pressure were exerted on a helium atom, what would be its acceleration? (The mass of a helium atom is 6.65 x 10-27 kg. Assume the cross-sectional area of the laser beam is6.65 x 10-29 m².)m/s2

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Answered: Optical tweezers use light from a laser…

University Physics Volume 3

17th Edition

ISBN:9781938168185

Author:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny

Publisher:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny

Chapter6: Photons And Matter Waves

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 58P: The tungsten elements of incandescent light bulbs operate at 3200 K. At what frequency does the...

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What pressure does light emitted uniformly in all directions from a 100-W incandescent light bulb exert on a mirror at a distance of 3.0 in, if 2.6 W of the power is emitted as visible light?
(a) What is the intensity of a laser beam used to burn away cancerous tissue that, when 90.0% absorbed, puts 500 J of energy into a circular spot 2.00 mm in diameter in 4.00 s? (b) Discuss how this intensity compares to the average intensity of sunlight (about) and the implications that would have if the laser beam entered your eye. Note how your answer depends on the time duration of the exposure.
An observer in a coasting spacecraft moves toward a mirror at speed v relative to the reference frame labeled by S in Figure P26.46. The mirror is stationary with respect to S. A light pulse emitted by the spacecraft travels toward the mirror and is reflected back to the spacecraft. The spacecraft is a distance d from the mirror (as measured by observers in S) at the moment the light pulse leaves the spacecraft. What is the total travel time of the pulse as measured by observers in (a) the S frame and (b) the spacecraft? Figure P26.46
A possible means of space flight is to place a perfectly reflecting aluminized sheet into orbit around the Earth and then use the light from the Sun to push this solar sail. Suppose a sail of area A = 6.00 105 m2 and mass m =6.00 103 kg is placed in orbit facing the Sun. Ignore all gravitational effects and assume a solar intensity of 1 370 W/m2. (a) What force is exerted on the sail? (b) What is the sails acceleration? (c) Assuming the acceleration calculated in part (b) remains constant, find the time interval required for the sail to reach the moon, 3.84 108 m away, starting from rest at the Earth.
A device called an insolation meter is used to measure the intensity of sunlight. It has an area of 100 cm2 and registers 6.50 W. What is the intensity in W/m2?
What is wrong with the following expressions? How can you correct them? (a) C=AB , (b) C=AB , (c) C=AB , (d) C=AB , (e) C+2A=B , (f) C=AB , (g) AB=AB , (h) C=2AB , (i) C=A/B , and (j) C=A/B .
Is your textbook the kind of idealized object (described in section on radiation laws) that absorbs all the radiation falling on it? Explain. How about the black sweater worn by one of your classmates?
When you stand outdoors in the sunlight, y can you feel the energy that the sunlight carries, but not the momentum it carries?
CASE STUDY In Example 34.6 (page 1111), we imagined equipping 1950DA, an asteroid on a collision course with the Earth, with a solar sail in hopes of ejecting it from the solar system. We found that the enormous size required for the solar sail makes the plan impossible at this time. Of course, there is no need to eject such an object from the solar system: we only need to change the orbit. A much more pressing problem is Apophis, a 300-m asteroid that may be on a collision course with the Earth and is due to come by on April 13, 2029. It is unlikely to hit the Earth on that pass, but it will return again in 2036. If Apophis passes through a 600-m keyhole on its 2029 pass, it is expected to hit the Earth in 2036. causing great damage. There are plans to deflect Apophis when it comes by in 2029. For example, we could hit it with a 10- to 150-kg impactor accelerated by a solar sail. The impactor is launched from the Earth to start orbiting the Sun in the same direction as the Earth and Apophis. The idea is to use a solar sail to accelerate the impactor so that it reverses direction and collides head-on with Apophis at 8090 km/s and thereby keeps Apophis out of the keyhole. Consider the momentum in the impactors orbit (Fig. P34.75) when the solar sail makes an angle of = 60 with the tangent to its orbit. Current solar sails may be about 40 m on a side, but the hope is to construct some that are about 160 m on a side. Estimate the impactors tangential acceleration when it is about 1 AU from the Sun. Keep in mind that the sail is neither a perfect absorber nor a perfect reflector, and a heavier impactor would presumably be equipped with a larger sail. Dont be surprised by what may seem like a very small acceleration. FIGURE P34.75
A radio station broadcasts its radio waves with a power of 50,000 W. What would be the intensity of this signal if it is received on a planet orbiting Proxima Centuri, the closest star to our Sun, at 4.243 ly away?
Suppose a spherical particle of mass m and radius R in space absorbs light of intensity I for time t. (a) How much work does the radiation pressure do to accelerate the particle (mm rest In the given tine It absorbs the light? (b) How much energy canted by the electromagnetic waves is absorbed by the particle over this time based on the radiant energy incident on the particle?
Two cavity radiators are constructed with walls made of different metals. At the same temperature, how would their radiation spectra differ?

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