gender female income low high Total 5 39 44 11.36 88.64 100.00 45.45 49.37 48.89 5.56 43.33 48.89 male 6 40 46 13.04 86.96 100.00 54.55 50.63 51.11 6.67 44.44 51.11 Total 11 79 90 12.22 87.78 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 12.22 87.78 100.00 . Solve for the marginal relative frequency of high income in percent. 2. Solve for the joint relative frequency of low income and female in percent. 3. Are income and gender independent?
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- FIGURE 12.5 U.S. Racial-Ethnic Groups Americans of European Descent German 50,272,000 16.5% Irish 36,278,000 11.9% 199,491,000 65% English/British 28,630,000 9.4% Italian 17,749,000 5.8% French 11,526,000 3.8% Polish 9,887,000 3.25% Scottishd 9,365,000 3.1% Dutch 4,929,000 1.6% Norwegian 4,643,000 1.5% Swedish 4,390,000 1.4% Russian 3,130,000 1.0% Welsh 1,980,000 0.6% Czech 1,914,000 0.5% Hungarian 1,539,000 0.5% Danish 1,459,000 0.5% Portuguese 1,419,000 0.5% Greek 1,351,000 0.4% 997,000 839,300 Swiss 0.3% Others 0.2% Americans of African, Asian, North, Central, and South American, and Pacific Island Descent Latino 46,944,000 15.4% African American 39,059,000 12.8% Asian American 13,549,000 4.5% Native American9 3,083,000 1.0% 104,743,000 34% Arab 1,546,000 0.5% Claim Two or More Race-Ethnicities 5,167,000 1.7% Overall Total: 4% 8% 12% 16% 20% 309,401,000 Percentage of Americans Source: By the author, Based on Statistical Abstract of the United States 2010:Table 10; 2011:Table 52. 4)…All of the following are sources of inequality in the distribution of personal income EXCEPT a. progressive income taxes b. discrimination in employment c. differences in personal motivation d. differences in educational level attained e. differences in abilitiesInstructions: Use the interactive tool to plot Lorenz curves for the information in the table. Quintile 1st % of Income, United States, 5 2010 % of Income, Bangladesh, 2010 9 2nd 10 13 3rd 14 16 United States data from Census.gov, before-tax income, rounded to 1/100ths. Data for Bangladesh from WorldBank.org, rounded to 1/100ths. 4th 20 21 5th 51 41 Report your answers to two decimal places. According to these data, the Gini coefficient for the United States in 2010 is The Gini coefficient for Bangladesh in 2010 is These data indicate that in 2010, income inequality is (Click to select) in the United States compared to Bangladesh.
- oaxaca decomposition Suppose that, on average, men earn $20 an hour and have an average of 15 years of schooling. Women earn $15 an hour and have an average of 14 years of schooling. If the estimated return to schooling for men is 0.30 (implying that each additional year of schooling translates into an additional 30 cents per hour), then the gender gap in schooling explains: 20% of the wage gap between men and women More than 100% of the wage gap between men and women 15% of the wage gap between men and women None of the wage gap between men and women 6% of the wage gap between men and womenThe table shows the distribution of personal income in the United States in 2016. Percentage of total income Households Poorest 20 percent 3.1 Second 20 percent Third 20 percent Fourth 20 percent Richest 20 percent 8.2 14.3 23.2 51.2 For all U.S. households to receive an equal share of income, what percentage of total income would the poorest 20 percent of households have to receive from higher-income groups? What percentage would the second poorest have to receive? >>> Answer to 1 decimal place. The poorest 20 percent of households would have to receive percent. The second poorest 20 percent of households have to receive percent.2007. 2. The data below shows the number of births, deaths, emigration and immigration for a countly m 200 Births 10,000 Deaths 3,000 Emigration 4,000 Immigration 7,000 If the total population at the beginning of the year was 104,000, calculate the (a) total population at the end of the year. (b) percentage increase in population for the year. (c) birth rate. (d) death rate. (e) net migration. (f) natural growth rate. 9.
- 1. Income inequality and the poverty rate The following table summarizes the income distribution for the town of Perkopia, which has a population of 10,000 people. Every individual within an income group earns the same income, and the total annual income in the economy is $500,000,000. Suppose that in 2007, the poverty line is set at an annual income of $42,350 for an individual. Year Lowest Quintile Second Quintile 2001 2007 2013 2019 3.0 3.4 3.8 5.0 Share of Total Income in Perkopia (Percent) 8.6 9.4 9.7 11.0 The data in the table suggest that there was Middle Quintile Fourth Quintile 14.0 14.6 15.2 15.5 21.9 22.4 22.9 25.0 Highest Quintile 52.5 50.2 48.4 43.5 income inequality from 2001 to 2019. MacBook Pro Complete the following table to help you determine the poverty rate in Perkopia in 2007. To do this, begin by determining the total income of all individuals in each quintile using the fact that total annual income in the economy is $500,000,000. Next, determine the income of an…Suppose there are 3 households in each society. This table shows income for poor, middle, and rich household, average income for all households, and the Gini coefficient for 4 societies. Based on this table, which of the following is true? (Select all that apply.) Society A Society B Society C Society D оооо Household Income Poor Middle Household Household 20,000 15,000 25,000 30,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 Rich Household 75,000 100,000 200,000 10,000,000 Society D has the most unequal income distribution. Society A has the most equal income distribution. Society D has the highest overall average income. Society A has the lowest overall average income. Average Income 45,000 51,667 88,333 3,356,667 Gini coefficient .27 .37 .44 .66A group of 10 people have the following annual incomes: $55,000, $30,000, $15,000, $20,000, $35,000, $80,000, $40,000, $45,000, $30,000, $50,000. Complete the table. Income Quintile Share of Income $15,000 Bottom $20,000 $30,000 2nd $30,000 $35,000 3rd $40,000 $45,000 4th $50,000 $55,000 Top $80,000 If $4000 is taxed from the top earner and transferred to the lowest earner, would that increase or decrease the share of income held by the top quintile? Would this transfer increase or decrease the share of income held by the bottom quintile? Would this have any effect on the 2nd quintile? The 3rd? The 4th? Would this transfer increase, decrease, or have no effect on income inequality in this group? Redistributing income from the highest earner to the lowest one would reduce the utility of the top earner and increase the utility of the lowest earner. But what would happen to the overall utility of the…
- The table shows the distribution of income in the Australia Complete the column of the table that records the cumulative percentages of income in Australia received by the cumulative percentages of households. Cumulative percentage of Income Households Lowest 20 percent (percentage) Households Income 8 Lowest 20 13 Lowest 40 Second 20 percent Third 20 percent 18 Fourth 20 percent 23 Highest 20 percent 38 Lowest 60 Lowest 80 100 100.0 The graph shows the Lorenz curve for the United States Draw the line of equality Draw a point to show the cumulative percentage of income received by the lowest 40 percent of Australian households Label it 1, Draw a point to show the cumulative percentage of income received by the lowest 80 percent of Australian households. Label it 2 Draw the Lorenz curve for Australia. Label it Based on the data provided, which country has the more unequal income distribution? OA Australa OB. Neither. They have the same degree of inequality. OC, The United States OD. It…SLO-4.1. The amount of money people have to spend after buying necessities such as food, clothing and housing is Osavings Odiscretionary income Onet income Ogross incomeThe following table summarizes the income distribution for the town of Perkopia, which has a population of 10,000 people. Every individual within an income group earns the same income, and the total annual income in the economy is $500,000,000. Suppose that in 2010, the poverty income threshold, or poverty line, is set at an annual income of $42,350 for an individual. Year 2006 2010 2016 2020 Quintile Lowest Lowest Quintile Second Quintile 3.0 3.4 3.8 5.0 The data in the table suggest that there was Second Middle Fourth Highest Share of Total Income in Perkopia (Percent) Middle Quintile Fourth Quintile Highest Quintile 8.6 9.4 9.7 11.0 Share of Income in 2010 (Percent) 3.4 9.4 14.6 22.4 50.2 14.0 14.6 15.2 15.5 Complete the following table to help you determine the poverty line in Perkopia in 2010. To do this, begin by determining the total income of all individuals in each quintile, using the fact that total annual income in the economy is $500,000,000. Next, determine the income of…