Economists experience difficulties in accurately measuring income inequality because of which of the following? Choose one or more: O A. The Gini index calculation discriminates against the poor in developed economies. O B. Government programs are inefficient and difficult to monitor. O C. large, underground economies that lack the reporting of income to the government O D. Measurements tend to use "before tax" income, not "after tax" income (disposable income), which is the income people actually have available to purchase goods and services. O E. The population size of an economy impacts the distribution of data, causing large economies to show more inequality than smaller economies. O F. do-it-yourself production of goods and services (such as growing own food or making own clothing) that are not bought or sold in the market G. in-kind transfers where goods and services are given as aid to the poor instead of cash

Economists experience difficulties in accurately measuring income inequality because of which of the following? Choose one or more: O A. The Gini index calculation discriminates against the poor in developed economies. O B. Government programs are inefficient and difficult to monitor. O C. large, underground economies that lack the reporting of income to the government O D. Measurements tend to use "before tax" income, not "after tax" income (disposable income), which is the income people actually have available to purchase goods and services. O E. The population size of an economy impacts the distribution of data, causing large economies to show more inequality than smaller economies. O F. do-it-yourself production of goods and services (such as growing own food or making own clothing) that are not bought or sold in the market G. in-kind transfers where goods and services are given as aid to the poor instead of cash

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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Instructions: Use the interactive tool to plot Lorenz curves for the information in the table. Quintile 1st % of Income, United States, 5 2010 % of Income, Bangladesh, 2010 9 2nd 10 13 3rd 14 16 United States data from Census.gov, before-tax income, rounded to 1/100ths. Data for Bangladesh from WorldBank.org, rounded to 1/100ths. 4th 20 21 5th 51 41 Report your answers to two decimal places. According to these data, the Gini coefficient for the United States in 2010 is The Gini coefficient for Bangladesh in 2010 is These data indicate that in 2010, income inequality is (Click to select) in the United States compared to Bangladesh.
1. An economy's Lorenz Curve reveals that an economy's highest income quintile has 65% of the economy's income while the lowest income quintile only has 5% of the economy's income. Solely based on the Lorenz Curve, is this distribution of income fair? Why or why not? 2. To combat income inequality and to generate increased tax revenues to fund expenditures, government officials decide to aggressively increase how progressive income taxes are, so much so that the top income earners are marginally taxed 90% of their income (and while this marginal tax rate may seem oppressive, these top income earners still have more than enough income to satisfy all of their needs and all but the most extravagant of wants - basically, these earners have more than enough money). Argue why this tax policy is a fair approach to fund government expenditures. Why might this tax policy fail to achieve its objectives (tax revenues would actually decline as a result)?
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Suppose there are 3 households in each society. This table shows income for poor, middle, and rich household, average income for all households, and the Gini coefficient for 4 societies. Based on this table, which of the following is true? (Select all that apply.) Society A Society B Society C Society D оооо Household Income Poor Middle Household Household 20,000 15,000 25,000 30,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 Rich Household 75,000 100,000 200,000 10,000,000 Society D has the most unequal income distribution. Society A has the most equal income distribution. Society D has the highest overall average income. Society A has the lowest overall average income. Average Income 45,000 51,667 88,333 3,356,667 Gini coefficient .27 .37 .44 .66
Wealth, earnings, and disposable income are just three of several ways of looking at inequality. Imagine a household that earns $80,000 per year from labor. In that year, it also receives an income of $3,000 from investments, pays $12,000 in tax, and receives $7,000 in transfers from the state. Which of the following is its market income and its disposable income? O $83,000; $71,000. O $83,000 $78,000. O $80,000; $68,000. O $80,000; $75,000. J
The following question has 4 parts (a.-d.), parts b. to d. will be revealed after submitting your answer by hitting "Verify" on the preceding sections. Suppose an economy is composed of 10 individuals. The following table shows their annual income in thousands of dollars. Individual Individual 1 Individual 2 Individual 3 Individual 4 Individual 5 Individual 6 Individual 7 Individual 8 Individual 9 Individual 10 Income 46 80 96 33 74 54 48 28 83 10
K A Lorenz curve plots the A. percentage of total income received by each quintile against the percentage of households in the quintile OB. trend in the cumulative percentage of income received by each quintile against trend in the number of households O C. average income received by each quintile against the number of households in the quintile O D. cumulative percentage of income against the cumulative percentage of households Next
The type of inequality before (pre) taxes and transfers are applied is called NET income inequality, and the inequality after (post) taxes and transfers is the MARKET income inequality. Group of answer choices True False
2. Constructing a Lorenz curve from income shares data The following table shows the approximate income distribution for Peru, Bulgaria, and Lithuania in 2016. In particular, it shows the income shares of each fifth of the income distribution. Percentage Share, 2016 Percentage of Families Peru Bulgaria Lithuania Lowest fifth 4 9 7 Second-lowest fifth 8 14 12 Middle fifth 12 17 16 Second-highest fifth Highest fifth 20 22 22 56 38 43 has the most total income. On the following graph, plot the Lorenz curves for the three countries. Plot Peru's Lorenz curve using the green points (triangle symbol), Bulgaria's Lorenz curve using the blue points (circle symbol), and Lithuania's Lorenz curve using the purple points (diamond symbol). Be sure to plot the first point of each Lorenz curve at (0,0). Note: Plot your points in the order in which you would like them connected. Line segments will connect the points automatically. CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGE OF MONEY INCOME graph.) 100 20 40 60 80 100…