o get an idea of the different sizes of various cellular components, do the following calculations: Assume that the cell, its nucleus, and a globular protein – for example, and enzyme – are spherical. In addition, assume the diameter of the protein is 5 nm (nanometers), the diameter of the cell is 100 μm (micrometers), and the diameter of the nucleus is 40 μm. You may have to review your metric conversions!
Enzyme kinetics
In biochemistry, enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts. Catalysis is the addition of a catalyst to a chemical reaction to speed up the pace of the reaction. Catalysis can be categorized as either homogeneous or heterogeneous, depending on whether the catalysts are distributed in the same phase as that of the reactants. Enzymes are an essential part of the cell because, without them, many organic processes would slow down and thus will affect the processes that are important for cell survival and sustenance.
Regulation of Enzymes
A substance that acts as a catalyst to regulate the reaction rate in the living organism's metabolic pathways without itself getting altered is an enzyme. Most of the biological reactions and metabolic pathways in the living systems are carried out by enzymes. They are specific for their works and work in particular conditions. It maintains the best possible rate of reaction in the most stable state. The enzymes have distinct properties as they can proceed with the reaction in any direction, their particular binding sites, pH specificity, temperature specificity required in very few amounts.
- To get an idea of the different sizes of various cellular components, do the following calculations: Assume that the cell, its nucleus, and a globular protein – for example, and enzyme – are spherical. In addition, assume the diameter of the protein is 5 nm (nanometers), the diameter of the cell is 100 μm (micrometers), and the diameter of the nucleus is 40 μm. You may have to review your metric conversions!
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If you draw the globular protein as a sphere with a diameter of 2 cm (approximately the diameter of a U.S. penny), what size would each of the following measurements of the cell be if drawn to the same scale (5 nm real length = 2 cm)? |
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a. The radius of a microtubule, 15 nm |
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b. The diameter of the nucleus
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c. The diameter of the cell
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d. The volume (V = 4/3 ∏r3) of the globular protein, in decimal form to the hundredths place. |
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e. The volume of the nucleus
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f. The volume of the cell
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