Kidney material balance A certain compound, molecule A,is filtered by the kidneys and possibly acted upon in the proximal and distal tubules. In the followingproblems, you’ll set up a material balance to monitor the amount of A in the blood and urine. (a) The GFR of a certain patient is 90 ml/min. The concentration of A in the bloodplasmais 30 ng/mL. The clearanceof PAH (para-aminohippuric acid) in this patient is 600 mL/min.Detemine the inputs and outputs from the glomerulus and the mass flow rate of A in the blood that leaves the nephron. (b) The amount of A in the patient’s urine is200ng/mLand the flow rate of urine production is1.5 mL/min. Based on this information, is A reabsorbed into the bloodstream,secreted into the urine, or neither?Justify your answer. (c) It’s determined that a buildup of A in the patient’s bloodstream has been causing health problems. To remedy this, adrug is prescribed that will act as an inhibitor to transporters in the proximal and distal tubules. To determinethe amount of drug needed to inhibit the transporters,set up a material balance on the tubules that you could use to find the final concentrationin terms of the Tmaxand KMof the transporters, the concentration of A in the tubules, and the concentration of [A] in the blood. Assume that the tubules are at steady stateand that the kinetics of transport are first order.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

11th Edition

ISBN:9780134580999

Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn

Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...

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Kidney material balance

A certain compound, molecule A,is filtered by the kidneys and possibly acted upon in the proximal and distal tubules. In the followingproblems, you’ll set up a material balance to monitor the amount of A in the blood and urine.

(a) The GFR of a certain patient is 90 ml/min. The concentration of A in the bloodplasmais 30 ng/mL. The clearanceof PAH (para-aminohippuric acid) in this patient is 600 mL/min.Detemine the inputs and outputs from the glomerulus and the mass flow rate of A in the blood that leaves the nephron.

(b) The amount of A in the patient’s urine is200ng/mLand the flow rate of urine production is1.5 mL/min. Based on this information, is A reabsorbed into the bloodstream,secreted into the urine, or neither?Justify your answer.

(c) It’s determined that a buildup of A in the patient’s bloodstream has been causing health problems. To remedy this, adrug is prescribed that will act as an inhibitor to transporters in the proximal and distal tubules. To determinethe amount of drug needed to inhibit the transporters,set up a material balance on the tubules that you could use to find the final concentrationin terms of the Tmaxand KMof the transporters, the concentration of A in the tubules, and the concentration of [A] in the blood. Assume that the tubules are at steady stateand that the kinetics of transport are first order.

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