1.What kinds of conditions or situations lead your body (and urine) to have a low pH? List 3. 2. What is normal for pH in the urine? Is it a very specific value or a broad range of values?Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) 3. Are white blood cells large or small? Should they be filtered into the filtrate at the glomerulus? 4.If there are white blood cells in your urine, where are they most likely coming from? 5.What does it usually mean when there are white blood cells in your urine?Nitrites 6. Nitrates are normal in your urine, but _______ are not. 7. What kinds of bacteria convert nitrates to nitrites? 8 Why is it helpful for a physician to know that nitrites are in the urine? They might prescribe a certain type of _________ that is known to be effective against what kinds of bacteria: _______Blood (Red Blood Cells) 9. Are red blood cells large or small? Should they be filtered into the filtrate at the glomerulus? 10. Should blood be in the urine? 11.If blood is in the urine, what can that indicate? List at least 3 possibilities:

Urine is a liquid by-product of the body secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination and excreted through the urethra. It is typically yellow in color and is composed of water, salts, and waste products. The primary function of urine is to get rid of waste substances in the body. The waste substances found in urine can vary depending on what you consume and the processes that your body is going through.1. Conditions that can lead to a low pH in urine include a high-protein diet, uncontrolled diabetes, and urinary tract infections. These conditions can increase the amount of acid in the body, which is then excreted in the urine, leading to a lower pH.2. The normal pH range for urine is between 4.6 and 8.0. This is a broad range because the body's pH can vary depending on various factors such as diet, medications, and medical conditions.3. White blood cells, or leukocytes, are larger than many other cells in the body. They are not typically filtered into the filtrate at the glomerulus because of their size.4. If there are white blood cells in the urine, they are most likely coming from the urinary tract. This could be due to an infection or inflammation in the kidneys, bladder, ureters, or urethra.5. The presence of white blood cells in the urine usually indicates an infection or inflammation in the urinary tract.6. Nitrates are normal in urine, but nitrites are not. This is because nitrites are produced by certain types of bacteria that can cause urinary tract infections.7. Bacteria that convert nitrates to nitrites include Escherichia coli (E. coli) and other gram-negative bacteria.8. The presence of nitrites in the urine can indicate a bacterial infection in the urinary tract. This information can help a physician prescribe an appropriate antibiotic that is effective against the gram-negative bacteria causing the infection, such as E.coli. 9. Red blood cells are small and should not be filtered into the filtrate at the glomerulus under normal conditions.10. Blood should not normally be present in the urine.11. If iblood is present in the urine, it can indicate a number of conditions, including urinary tract infections, kidney stones, or more serious conditions like bladder or kidney disease.Hence, the pH of urine can vary depending on diet, medications, and medical conditions. The presence of white blood cells, nitrites, or blood in the urine can indicate infections or other conditions in the urinary tract. Physicians can use this information to diagnose and treat these conditions.