Now we need to know which amino acid the tRNA is carrying. We can do this on paper using the GeneticDictionary below. Starting with the 1st base in the codon, pick the row. Then use the 2nd to pick the column,the use the 3rd to pick the line. There you will find an abbreviation of the name of the amino acid (AA).Write that abbreviation in the AA (short) box next to the appropriate anti-codon. Use the list below tofind the full name of the amino acid and list that in the AA (full name) box. Remember to translate themRNA codons and not tRNA!Notice that there is only one START codon and a few STOP codons. Go ahead and finish the strand evenif it doesn’t start with Met. Why do you think there is only one START? Why do you think there might be more than one STOP?GENETIC DICTIONARY U C A G U Phe Phe Leu Leu Ser Ser Ser Ser Tyr Tyr STOP STOP Cys Cys Stop Trp U C A G C Leu Leu Leu Leu Pro Pro Pro Pro His His Gln Gln Arg Arg Arg Arg U C A G A Ile Ile Ile Met(START) Thr Thr Thr Thr Asn Asn Lys Lys Ser Ser Arg Arg U C A G G Val Val Val Val Ala Ala Ala Ala Asp Asp Glu Glu Gly Gly Gly Gly U C A G Three Letter Abbreviations for the 20 Amino Acids Ala: Alanine Arg: Arginine Asn: Asparagine Asp: Aspartic acidCys: Cysteine Glu: Glutamic acid Gln: Glutamine Gly: GlycineHis: Histidine Ile: Isoleucine Lys: Lysine Leu: LeucineMet: Methionine Phe: Phenylalanine Pro: Proline Ser: SerineThr: Threonine Trp: Tryptophane Tyr: Tyrosisne Val: Valine Do a second strand the same way for practice: Strand 1: C-G-T-T-A-T-C-T-C-A-T-A-G-C-TStrand 2 : A-A-A-T-G-A-T-A-T-C-A-C-C-C-AStrand 3 : T-A-G-T-G-C-C-T-G-G-T-C-T-T-TStrand 4 : A-C-C-T-C-G-C-T-C-G-A-C-T-T-C Strand mRNA codon tRNA anti-codon AA(short) AA(full name)
DNA and RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is usually called the blueprint of life. Deoxyribose is a monosaccharide that has a key function in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. One less oxygen-containing hydroxyl group occurs in deoxyribose sugar. Nucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, is one of the natural components. Deoxyribonucleic acid is a double-stranded molecule. Watson and Crick postulated the double-stranded model of the helix. A deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecular group that carries and transmits genetic information from parents to offspring. All eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are involved.
DNA as the Genetic Material
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a long polymeric nucleic acid molecule discovered in the late 1930s. It is a polymer; a long chain-like molecule made up of several monomers connected in a sequence. It possesses certain characteristics that qualify it as a genetic component. Certain organisms have different types of nucleic acids as their genetic material - DNA or RNA.
Genetics
The significant branch in science which involves the study of genes, gene variations, and the organism's heredity is known as genetics. It is also used to study the involvement of a gene or set of genes in the health of an individual and how it prevents several diseases in a human being. Thus, genetics also creates an understanding of various medical conditions.
DNA Replication
The mechanism by which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is capable of producing an exact copy of its own is defined as DNA replication. The DNA molecules utilize a semiconservative method for replication.
Now we need to know which amino acid the tRNA is carrying. We can do this on paper using the Genetic
Dictionary below. Starting with the 1st base in the codon, pick the row. Then use the 2nd to pick the column,
the use the 3rd to pick the line. There you will find an abbreviation of the name of the amino acid (AA).
Write that abbreviation in the AA (short) box next to the appropriate anti-codon. Use the list below to
find the full name of the amino acid and list that in the AA (full name) box. Remember to translate the
mRNA codons and not tRNA!
Notice that there is only one START codon and a few STOP codons. Go ahead and finish the strand even
if it doesn’t start with Met.
Why do you think there is only one START?
Why do you think there might be more than one STOP?
GENETIC DICTIONARY
| U | C | A | G | ||
| U |
Phe Phe Leu Leu |
Ser Ser Ser Ser |
Tyr Tyr STOP STOP |
Cys Cys Stop Trp |
U C A G |
| C |
Leu Leu Leu Leu |
Pro Pro Pro Pro |
His His Gln Gln |
Arg Arg Arg Arg |
U C A G |
| A |
Ile Ile Ile Met(START) |
Thr Thr Thr Thr |
Asn Asn Lys Lys |
Ser Ser Arg Arg |
U C A G |
| G |
Val Val Val Val |
Ala Ala Ala Ala |
Asp Asp Glu Glu |
Gly Gly Gly Gly |
U C A G |
Three Letter Abbreviations for the 20 Amino Acids
Ala: Alanine Arg: Arginine Asn: Asparagine Asp: Aspartic acid
Cys: Cysteine Glu: Glutamic acid Gln: Glutamine Gly: Glycine
His: Histidine Ile: Isoleucine Lys: Lysine Leu: Leucine
Met: Methionine Phe: Phenylalanine Pro: Proline Ser: Serine
Thr: Threonine Trp: Tryptophane Tyr: Tyrosisne Val: Valine
Do a second strand the same way for practice:
Strand 1: C-G-T-T-A-T-C-T-C-A-T-A-G-C-T
Strand 2 : A-A-A-T-G-A-T-A-T-C-A-C-C-C-A
Strand 3 : T-A-G-T-G-C-C-T-G-G-T-C-T-T-T
Strand 4 : A-C-C-T-C-G-C-T-C-G-A-C-T-T-C
| Strand | mRNA codon |
tRNA anti-codon |
AA(short) | AA(full name) |
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