Notice that when comparing our amino acid sequence to a fruit fly, we have a difference of 29 amino acids. That number jumps drastically when we compare ours to the thesis monkey, which has difference of 1. Why does this make sense?

Q: It is conceivable for codons encoding a single amino acid to share the first two bases while…

A: Protein synthesis occurs in all organisms in two main steps: transcription and translation. DNA…

Q: Amino Acid difference between chicken and Human Amino acid position Amino acid in human Amino acid…

A: Cytochrome oxidase is a very important enzyme of cellular respiration. It is the last enzyme in…

Q: E. How many nucleotides would be required to generate a polypeptide that is 15 amino acids long?…

A: The genetic code is a sequence of three-letter combinations of nucleotides called codons, each…

Q: If you know the sequence of amino acids in a protein, what does the genetic code table allow you to…

A: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Proteins serve as structural support inside the…

Q: A hypothetical protein found in humans, chimpanzees, and orangutans has the following sequences.…

A: Dashes '-' show sequence deletions; underlined variations 'Y' and 'K' between the species indicate…

Q: Why would your protein measurement not match to package label? Let us disregard the idea that the…

A: One plausible explanation for a discrepancy between the measured protein content of a product and…

Q: In a folded protein, Glu116 is close in three-dimensional space to Lys224. The pKa of the carboxylic…

A: pKa is the pH at which a weak acid is 50% dissociated. Alternatively, pKa = -log Ka. In acid-base…

Q: Why are there nucleotides (A, T, G, and C) in the master mix? What are the other components of the…

A: PCR is a technique that results in exponential amplification of a selected region of a DNA molecule…

Q: A very common molecular biology research method is to analyze cell or tissue homogenates by…

A: In molecular biology research, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting,…

Q: Consider the following coding 71 nucleotide DNA template sequence (It does not contain a…

A: In cell protein formed according to the sequence on mRNA. mRNA is formed from DNA sequence by the…

Q: 5-Bromouridine is known to induce mutations in DNA. One of the characteristics of this compound is…

A: 5-Bromouridine is a uridine subordinate with a Bromo substituent at the fifth carbon. Br -Urd is…

Q: A common strategy for identifying distantly relatedhomologous proteins is to search the database…

A: Introduction: Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field of science that combines biology,…

Q: You are a molecular biologist studying a defective human protein that is known to be a cause of a…

A: It is given in the question that the protein from the cancer patient differs in almost every amino…

Q: If an average amino acid is 110Da, how many amino acids would you predict to have in a polypeptide…

A: This process is called the central dogma of life. DNA is transcribed into mRNA and mRNA is…

Q: Beadle and Tatum's experiments led to the "one gene - one enzyme (protein)" hypothesis. In…

A: The genes are the functional part of the DNA that are responsible for the production of RNA by the…

Q: What is the length in basepairs of these sequences? How many base substitutions are there between…

A: The multiple sequence alignment (MSA) involves the alignment of three or greater than three…

Q: What makes the initiator tRNAmet so special?  Does this have any impact on the amino acid sequence…

A: Protein synthesis is initiated by the start codon decoded by the tRNA. The anticodon triplet series…

Q: How many comparisons are needed to count the number of duplicates in a list? How many comparisons…

A: Codons are triplets of nucleotides (4 types of nucleotides, A, U, G, C) found on mRNA sequence which…

Q: If the amino acid sequences of monkeys and humans in the protein of two organisms are similar, why…

A: Amino acids  Amino Acids are known as building blocks of proteins. There are many different kind of…

Q: Name two enzymes/protein complexes in molecular biology that contain both RNA and protein. What…

A: A molecular assembly consisting of both protein molecules and enzymatic components is referred to as…

Q: he solution to question 13 of Chapter 11 in the Human Heredity textbook says an insertion of 3…

A: An inherited change in genetic information is called a mutation. It is a sudden change. The mutation…

Q: The median size protein in humans is 8600 amino acids. How does this compare to if our genome was…

A: Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide/amide bonds. It is expressed inside the cells…

Q: Rice genome contains 30% C on a molar basis. What are the mole percentages of A, G, and T?

A: In a double helical DNA, there are 4 nucleotides are found ATP, GTP, CTP, TTP. In this double…

Q: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by different types of mutations, many of which…

A: CF is caused by a mutation in a gene called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator…

Q: HbS results from the substitution of valine forglutamic acid at the number 6 position in the b…

A: HbS is the result of a single base-pair mutation in the gene responsible for the beta-globin chain…

Q: You could use absorbance at 280nm or colorimetric assays like the Bradford assay or bicinchoninic…

A: There are different methods present to measure the concentration of a given protein.

Q: By average, how many Sau3A (5’GATC3’) sites are there in a 10 kd DNA molecule? (1/4)^6 * 10,000 =…

A: Answer :- For the first question, the restriction site for the enzyme Sau3a is composed of four…

Q: You have discovered a novel protein that has a pl = 5.5. To study the functional properties of this…

A: pI of protein is directly proportional to the pKa of amino acids.

Genetic Evolution

Sexual reproduction produces distinct population variations. Heredity determines the traits and qualities to be passed down to the progeny. Over time, this variation within-species is also affected by the process of human evolution. The study of how genetic variation leads to evolutionary changes is known as genetic evolution. If a trait helps an organism to survive and reproduce, it is more likely to be passed down the generations. It is rare that such traits result in a completely distinct set of traits in descendants than the ancestral population; this can result in the emergence of a new species.