NH2 tRNA но OH NN NH2 но OH N: „NH ATP tRNA "AMP-aa" N "ERNA-aa" O OH protein synthesis NEH. CO2 PPI AMP "H3N- ARS ARS amino acid ARS (aa)

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Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
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### Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthesis in Peptide Synthesis

1. **Mechanism Overview**: 
   - Aminoacyl-tRNA is essential for peptide synthesis. It is formed by aminoacyl tRNA synthetase through an ATP-dependent process. This text outlines the steps involved in the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA, encouraging a detailed review.

2. **Diagram Explanation**:
   - **Reactants**: The reaction begins with ATP and an amino acid (aa).
   - **ARS (Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase)**:
     - The enzyme ARS facilitates the reaction.
     - ATP reacts with the amino acid to form an "AMP-aa" complex, releasing pyrophosphate (PPi).
   - **Formation of "AMP-aa"**:
     - This intermediate complex is depicted inside an oval labeled "ARS."
   - **tRNA Interaction**:
     - tRNA is introduced, combining with "AMP-aa" to form "tRNA-aa," which is shown in another oval labeled "ARS."
   - **End Product**: 
     - The final product, aminoacyl-tRNA (tRNA-aa), is essential for protein synthesis. 
     - This process results in the release of AMP.
     - The aminoacylated tRNA then enters the protein synthesis pathway.

The diagram uses structural formulas to represent the molecules involved, emphasizing the step-by-step transformation facilitated by ARS leading to protein synthesis. Also note that abbreviations like AMP, ATP, and ARS (Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase) are used for simplification.
Transcribed Image Text:### Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthesis in Peptide Synthesis 1. **Mechanism Overview**: - Aminoacyl-tRNA is essential for peptide synthesis. It is formed by aminoacyl tRNA synthetase through an ATP-dependent process. This text outlines the steps involved in the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA, encouraging a detailed review. 2. **Diagram Explanation**: - **Reactants**: The reaction begins with ATP and an amino acid (aa). - **ARS (Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase)**: - The enzyme ARS facilitates the reaction. - ATP reacts with the amino acid to form an "AMP-aa" complex, releasing pyrophosphate (PPi). - **Formation of "AMP-aa"**: - This intermediate complex is depicted inside an oval labeled "ARS." - **tRNA Interaction**: - tRNA is introduced, combining with "AMP-aa" to form "tRNA-aa," which is shown in another oval labeled "ARS." - **End Product**: - The final product, aminoacyl-tRNA (tRNA-aa), is essential for protein synthesis. - This process results in the release of AMP. - The aminoacylated tRNA then enters the protein synthesis pathway. The diagram uses structural formulas to represent the molecules involved, emphasizing the step-by-step transformation facilitated by ARS leading to protein synthesis. Also note that abbreviations like AMP, ATP, and ARS (Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase) are used for simplification.
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