new treatment for a certain type of cancer. The average survival time after diagnosis on the standard treatment is two years. In an early trial, she tries the new treatment on three subjects who have an average survival time after diagnosis of six years. Although the survival time has tripled, the results are not statistically significant even at the 0.10 significance level. The explanation is
A medical researcher is working on a new treatment for a certain type of cancer. The
average survival time after diagnosis on the standard treatment is two years. In an early
trial, she tries the new treatment on three subjects who have an average survival time
after diagnosis of six years. Although the survival time has tripled, the results are not
statistically significant even at the 0.10 significance level. The explanation is
A) the placebo effect is present, which limits statistical significance.
B) the sample size is small.
C) that although the survival time has doubled, in reality the actual increase is really
two years.
D) the calculation was in error. The researchers forgot to include the sample size.
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