) Neurons cannot respond during the absolute refractory period because: a) the concentration gradients for Na+ and K+ are reversed. b) the cell is below its normal resting membrane potential. c) voltage-gated Na+ channel activation gates are closed. d) voltage-gated Na+ channel inactivation gates are closed.

Q: The Na+/K+ pump is important for ________ in neurons. A) the depolarizing phase of the action…

A: Neurons are the basic structures and functional units of the nervous system. The axon or the…

Q: Which of the following is comparable to a positive feedback cycle? a) opening of voltage-gated Ca2+…

A: The positive feedback mechanism is responsible for the increase in the output, as the amplification…

Q: neuron

A: An action potential is triggered by a graded potential that causes the membrane to depolarize until…

Q: The approximate protein:lipid ratio in the plasma membrane of a myelin cell is: a) 1:10 b) 3:1 c)…

A: Ans - The approximate protein:lipid ratio in the plasma membrane of a myelin cell is 1:4. (a)  #…

Q: 14) at which voltage do Na+ voltage gated channels open? a) 30mV b) -70mV c) 0mV d) -55 mV

A: Introduction: Since their membranes are polarized, neurons are excitable cells. The neural membrane…

Q: which is not true of neurotransmitters?

A: Nervous system:       It is the most complex system in a human body that performs it's functions by…

Q: which of these effectors is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system? a) smooth…

A: The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is the primary division of the nervous system in humans which is…

Q: In a nerve cell membrane, the ion channels that allow the diffusion of Na+: a) are always open. b)…

A: SODIUM CHANNELS These are the integral membrane proteins that form ion channels, conducting sodium…

Q: 1) When threshold (-55 mV) is reached: a) voltage-gated K+ channels immediately open. b) Na+…

A: Step 1 The membrane potential is the transmembrane electric potential difference measured from…

Q: Finally, what will be the effect on the membrane potential if K+ loan move out of the cell?a) K+…

A: The sodium-potassium pump is an important ATP-based pump found in the cell's plasma membrane. The…

Q: Please answer  3) Which of the following keeps the impulse traveling in one direction down the…

A: The nerve impulse helps in performing the motor and sensory functions of the body. The nerve cells…

Q: Sarin gas is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase used in chemical warfare. Briefly (in 1 sentence…

A: Sarin is a chemical gas that is made by humans. In the 1930s (1937 in Germany) it was used in…

Q: exocytosis of GABA.  A. What anatomical part of a pre-synaptic neuron would be affected by this?…

A: Tetanus toxin is an extremely potent neurotoxin produced by the vegetative cell of Clostridium…

Q: normally, which of the following will happen after a neurotransmitter binds to its receptor?

A: A neurotransmitter is a signalling chemical released by a neuron and transmitted across a synapse to…

Q: Which of the fallowing is required to generate a membrane potential? I. A concentration gradient of…

A: Thank you for the question  Answer = The correct answer is option D ( 1 and 3) Membrane potential is…

Q: myelination of an axon is decreases the speed of actio potential. a) true  b) false

A: The myelinated axon can be compared to an electrical wire (the axon) with protecting material…

Q: saltatory conduction.

A: Saltatory conduction occurs widely in the myelinated nerve fibers of vertebrates. It involves the…

Q: Which statement regarding neurotransmission through myelinated and unmyelinated neurons is true?…

A: Myelin sheath is modified plasma membrane that wraps around nerve axon and acts as insulator. The…

Q: Which statement is true regarding the neuron synapse? A) the preganglion and post ganglionic Neurons…

A: The cells of nervous system are called neurons. They have 3 distinct parts, including the body of…

Q: What structural and functional changes occur in the voltage gated sodium (NaV) channel when it…

A: Action potentials are nerve messages. Neurons produce and convey these signals through their…

Q: 24) a neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n)?…

A: The Neurons are data messengers. They utilize electrical driving forces and chemical signs to…

Q: When a neuron is polarized, O a) both positive and negative ions are concentrated inside the neural…

A: The word polarized means that there is a charge difference which is responsible for the occurrence…

Q: Calcium ions a)Help control the membrane threshold voltage. b)Reduce axon permeability to Na+.…

A: sensory input-afferent information travels from the outside environment to brain environment.

Q: After an action potential has been initiated, there are two processes that prevent the membrane from…

A: The generation of action potential is very much important characteristics in nerve cells that is…

Q: The concentration of ions in the chemical environment surrounding the neurons must be tightly…

A: Neurons are the basic structural unit of the nervous system. The concentration around neurons has to…

Q: 12) when K+ voltage-gated channels open, which of the following occurs? a) depolarization  b) both…

A: In that they repolarize activated neurons to their resting state, voltage-gated potassium channels…

Q: Which statement is true regarding the nervous system?  a) Damaged myelin on an axon has no effect…

A: The neurons are responsible for nerve impulse generating and transmitting cells in the nervous…

Q: Voltage-gated ion channels on the cell body: a) allow Ca2+ to enter, leading to neurotransmitter…

A: Voltage gated transport – Voltage-gated channels help in the movement of molecules in and out of the…

Q: c) multipolar neuronsT d) pseudounipolar neurons T hich of the following statements are correct with…

A: Neurons are divided into four major types: unipolar, bipolar, multipolar, and pseudounipolar. All…

Q: 1) State whether the property described below is one of electrical synapses, chemical synapses, or…

A: The transmission of nerve impulse from one neuron to the next neuron occurs in synapse that is the…

Q: conduction velocity in an axon depends on which of the following? a) how much myelin the axon has…

A: Conduction velocity in an axon refers to the velocity of the nerve impulse carrying messages from…

Q: In SA nodal cells the upstroke of the action potential: A)is characterized by a substantial…

A: The sino atrial node is the pacemaker of the heart. The cells of the sea node have a particular…

Q: Fill in the blank :- The depolarization phase of action poten:-tials in neurons is due primarily…

A: Over long distance neurons can communicate with each other by generating and sending electricals…

Q: D) The concentration of this ion and negatively charged proteins is much greater inside the cell…

A: The Neuron's membrane consists of sodium to be present in large quantity in the extracellular part…

Q: What is a typical speed of action potential propagation in the absence of myelination?  (Not the…

A: Brain cells called neurons send data and guidelines all through the cerebrum and body. The data is…

Q: Which of the following events correctly ranks steps in an action potential? 1. Voltage-gated sodium…

A: Electrical signals are how neurons communicate. Electrical signals are generated when there is a…

Q: 13) Draw a graph representing the changes in membrane potential across the axonal membrane before,…

A: The electric signals that flow down the dendrites to form a nerve impulse or an action potential are…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.