**Title: Understanding the Market for Trees in Public Forests****Introduction:**In this educational module, we will explore the market dynamics for trees in a public forest. We will examine the relationship between marginal private cost and marginal private benefit, specifically focusing on the impact of externalities.**Text Content:**Consider the market for trees in a public forest, illustrated in the figure to the right, where $ S_1 $ is the marginal private cost and $ D_1 $ is the marginal private benefit.Trees are an example of a **common resource**.Suppose that the use of trees in a public forest generates a negative externality of $75 per unit.If so, then according to the figure, the optimal quantity of trees in a public forest for society is $\_\_\_$ units. (Enter your response as an integer.)**Graph Explanation:***The Graph:*- The graph on the right shows the relationship between the price of trees in a public forest per ton and the quantity of trees.- The x-axis represents the "Quantity of trees in a public forest" ranging from 0 to 13 units.- The y-axis represents the "Price of trees in a public forest (per ton)" ranging from $0 to $600.*Lines on the Graph:*- The upward-sloping line labeled $ S_1 $ represents the marginal private cost.- The downward-sloping line labeled $ D_1 $ represents the marginal private benefit.- The intersection of these two lines indicates the market equilibrium without considering externalities.**Conclusion:**The graph and accompanying text provide a framework for understanding how external costs, like negative externalities, impact the optimal consumption of common resources. By adjusting for the $75 externality, one can determine the socially optimal quantity of trees needed in the public forest.

efficient level of production is achieved at the output level where MSB=MSC

Answered: nere S1 Consider the market for trees…

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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Externalities: Suppose the daily inverse demand curve for gasoline in Portland is given by P = $100 – Q, the MC = 1.5Q, and the EMC = 1.5Q. Q is measured in thousands of gallons of gasoline per day. a. Graph the demand, marginal cost, and external marginal cost functions. b. How many gallons will be consumed per day if gasoline consumers do not consider the EMC of gasoline? c. How many gallons of gasoline will be consumed per day if gasoline consumers consider the EMC.
No hand written solution Afirm has an industrial plant that emits pollutants into a town’s lake. The plant’s marginal abatement function is MAC= 200 – 0.5E and damages caused by its emissions are given by MD = 2E where emissions are in kg. per day. What is the socially efficient level of emissions from this plant? Illustrate this in a graph. As an incentive to reduce emissions to the socially efficient level, government offers to pay the firm for each kg. of emissions it abates per day from this plant. What subsidy per kg. should the government offer? If the plant abates to the socially efficient level of emissions, what total subsidy payment would the firm receive? Identify the area in your graph. How much better or worse off would the firm be compared to if it did no abating? Identify the area in your graph. What would be the net benefit to society if we pay the firm to reduce the plant’s emissions to the socially efficient level? Identify this area in your graph.
Consider the table. Number of street lamps Marginal benefit (in $) 123 4 5 6 7 30 26 22 18 14 10 6 Suppose that a small town wants to install street lamps, which are nonrival in consumption and nonexcludable. Each of the 25 people in the town value street lamps according to the given schedule. Street lamps each cost $250 to install. Use this information to answer the questions. What is the socially optimal number of street lamps? Suppose that 20 of the 25 townspeople decide that they will not help pay for street lamps, and will instead enjoy (for free) the street lamps built by the other five people. What is the maximum number of street lamps that will be built by the remaining five people? Suppose the town government decides to build street lamps and pay for the street lamps through taxation. How much should each person be taxed to pay for the optimal number of street lamps if everyone is taxed equally? S I street lamps street lamps
25. Suppose that there is a large farm and a large recreation firm located on a river. The farm is upstream of the recreational area. The farm uses the streamflow for irrigation. Let S be the amount of streamflow used by the farm and suppose its marginal benefit for irrigation is given by MB-5000-15S. Use of streamflow by the farm is costly to the recreational firm, though, because of lost opportunities for boating, fishing, and camping. Suppose this marginal cost is given by MC=5s. (a) Draw a sketch of the MB and MC curves for use of S by the farm. On your graph, show the efficient level of S by the farm. Solve for this amount from the equations. (b) If unregulated, the farm uses streamflow at a price of zero. Show on your graph what S this corresponds to. Solve for it from the equations. (c) If the government sets a tax price on streamflow, what tax price per unit of S will result in the farm using the efficient level of streamflow? Show on your graph and find with the equations. (d)…
D7) Why is congestion treated as an externality in Urban Economics?
12. Give four (4) economic activities that generate both positive and negative externalities?
Note:- Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely. You will get up vote for sure.
Note:- Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely. You will get up vote for sure.
Note:- Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely. You will get up vote for sure.
6. A paper mill discharges chemicals into a river that washes the shores of a downstream resort area. The private cost, social cost, and marginal benefit associated with the production of paper are given by the following equations: PMC = 5 + Q, SMC = 10 + 2Q, and MB = 35 -0.5Q. a. Provide a labelled diagram to illustrate how the competitive free market will not produce the socially optimal amount of output. b. Illustrate the efficiency loss. C. Illustrate how a per-unit tax could be used to correct this problem.
3. The effect of negative externalities on the optimal quantity of consumption Consider the market for steel. Suppose that a steel manufacturing plant dumps toxic waste into a nearby river, creating a negative externality for those living downstream from the plant. Producing an additional ton of steel imposes a constant external cost of $140 per ton. The following graph shows the demand (private value) curve and the supply (private cost) curve for steel. Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the social cost curve when the external cost is $140 per ton. Sac Cont O Say Cet Demand P v QUANTITY (araf ste The market equilibrium quantity is tons of steel, but the socially optimal quantity of steel production is_ tons. To create an incentive for the firm to produce the socially optimal quantity of steel, the government could impose a ▼ of5 per ton of steel. d al anid
4

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