3. The effect of negative externalities on the optimal quantity of consumption Consider the market for paper. Suppose that a paper factory dumps toxic waste into a nearby river, creating a negative externality for those living downstream from the factory. Producing an additional ton of paper imposes a constant marginal external cost (MEC) of $245 per ton. The following graph shows the demand (marginal private benefits, or MPB) curve and the supply (marginal private costs, or MPC) curve for paper. Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the marginal social costs (MSC) curve when the marginal external cost is $245 per ton. ? PRICE (Dollars per ton of paper) 700 630 560 420 280 210 140 70 O 0 □ 1 2 O 3 O The market equilibrium quantity is U O 5 QUANTITY (Tons of paper) O Supply (MPC) Demand (MPB) MSC tons of paper, but the socially optimal quantity of paper production is To create an incentive for the firm to produce the socially optimal quantity of paper, the government could impose a of paper. tons. per ton

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
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3. The effect of negative externalities on the optimal quantity of consumption
Consider the market for paper. Suppose that a paper factory dumps toxic waste into a nearby river, creating a negative externality for those living
downstream from the factory. Producing an additional ton of paper imposes a constant marginal external cost (MEC) of $245 per ton. The following
graph shows the demand (marginal private benefits, or MPB) curve and the supply (marginal private costs, or MPC) curve for paper.
Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the marginal social costs (MSC) curve when the marginal external cost is $245 per ton.
PRICE (Dollars per ton of paper)
700
630
560
280
210
140
70
0
0
1
2
3
5
QUANTITY (Tons of paper)
The market equilibrium quantity is
0 Supply
(MPC)
6
Demand
(MPB)
MSC
tons of paper, but the socially optimal quantity of paper production is
To create an incentive for the firm to produce the socially optimal quantity of paper, the government could impose a
of paper.
tons.
per ton
Transcribed Image Text:3. The effect of negative externalities on the optimal quantity of consumption Consider the market for paper. Suppose that a paper factory dumps toxic waste into a nearby river, creating a negative externality for those living downstream from the factory. Producing an additional ton of paper imposes a constant marginal external cost (MEC) of $245 per ton. The following graph shows the demand (marginal private benefits, or MPB) curve and the supply (marginal private costs, or MPC) curve for paper. Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the marginal social costs (MSC) curve when the marginal external cost is $245 per ton. PRICE (Dollars per ton of paper) 700 630 560 280 210 140 70 0 0 1 2 3 5 QUANTITY (Tons of paper) The market equilibrium quantity is 0 Supply (MPC) 6 Demand (MPB) MSC tons of paper, but the socially optimal quantity of paper production is To create an incentive for the firm to produce the socially optimal quantity of paper, the government could impose a of paper. tons. per ton
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