Name the three major assumptions made by the "Cell theory". (i) The lipid membrane is composed of lipid molecules. Explain the principle of membrane formation highlighting the role of the physical properties of the lipids. (ii) Comparing dimensions and length scales is often a first step in an analysis. Give an approximate value for the thickness of a lipid bilayer and the linear length of a helical turn of a DNA double helix. A technician wants to amplify DNA from a patient sample. However, the lab is not equipped with a thermocycler. (i) (ii) Name two methods for DNA amplification that can be operated at constant temperature and give their acronyms. Explain these two methods in detail using a schematic and name all necessary components that are required to perform the amplification. Describe the main function of the middle ear. Highlight the role of the ossicles and the tympanic membrane.

Q: DNA replication: ТАСССТАААGGTCAGCCCAAGATT Complimentary strand: Transcription: MRNA Translation:…

A: Central Dogma is a flow of information that is present in the form of nucleotide sequence on the DNA…

Q: Suppose your protein purification did not work and your sample contains many different proteins.…

A: If the protein sample is not purified and the sample still contains many proteins, there would be…

Q: If a segment of DNA is 5'CATTAC—3', the complementary DNA strand is (a)3'—CATTAC—5'(b) 3'—GTAATG—5'…

A: All living organisms store their genetic information in form of DNA / RNA. This genetic information…

Q: B) We also know from studies of protein structure that one turn of an a-helix includes 3.6 amino…

A: Given Values: Number of residues in a helical turn = 3.6 amino acids The distance covered by a turn…

Q: Technique by which proteins are separated by [Choose] electrophoresis according to their charge.…

A: Techniques by which proteins are separated by electrophoresis according to their charge- Gel…

Q: Compare the processes of vesicle tethering, docking, and fusion, and list the proteins involved in…

A: Membrane fusion is the process by which two initially separated lipid bilayers merge to form a…

Q: Among the given statements, which ones describe an alpha helix? Select the correct response(s): a.…

A: An alpha helix is a common secondary structure found in proteins, characterized by a tightly coiled,…

Q: How much of a 10 mg/ml DNase stock would you need to add to 4 mL of cells for a final concentration…

A: DNA  ( deoxyribonucleic acid ) is a two stranded helical structure that functions as genetic…

Q: State if the following is True or False: 1. The occurrence of ionic interactions between water…

A: Water is also a chemical compound that is composed of one atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen.…

Q: DNA: Whats the structural and functional differences between heterochromatin and euchromatin?

A: DNA, the genetic material is organized as chromosomes inside the cell nucleus. The chromosomes have…

Q: possible to model a DNA molecule as, a) electrically charged filament, b) elastic filament and c)

A: DNA is a molecule which is made up of nucleotides in fact polynucleotide. Are nucleotides made up of…

Q: ) how many turns are in this alpha-helix? Should be an integer b) length in angstroms?

A: Alpha helix is the secondary structure of protein formed by Hydrogen bonds between side chains of…

Q: Describe the structure of DNA.   The two strands of DNA are antiparallel. What does the term…

A: Describe the structure of DNA. DNA is created from molecules known as nucleotides. every nucleotide…

Q: Write down the major differences between DNA and RNA. Keeping in mind the concept of “central dogma…

A: Nucleic acids are the biopolymers or large biomolecules which is essential and important to all…

Q: Check the box under each molecule for which the statement in the first column is true. statement It…

A: The question asks to identify the molecule for which a given statement is true out of three options…

Q: a. If the lipid bilayer is 30 Å thick, what is the smallest number of amino acid residues that can…

A: Hello. Since your question has multiple sub-parts, we will solve first three sub-parts for you. If…

Q: xplain how can one predict the number of transmembrane domains (TM helices) in an integral membrane…

A: Membrane proteins are in charge of most of the dynamic processes carried out by membranes. Most…

Q: To release DNA from cells, detergent is used to disrupt the membranes of the cell and nucleus. What…

A: Membranes are primarily composed of a bilayer of lipids(fats). In addition to lipids, there are…

Q: Which conformation of DNA – (i) totally double helix, (ii) minimally unwound or (iii) largely…

A: Just as a high temperature can denature protein, nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA can too be…

Q: Where is DNA found in the cell?  How does 2m of DNA fit into a cell 0.000 005m in diameter?    A…

A: According to guidelines we have to answer the first 3 sub-parts only. so please kingly post the…

Q: Which of the following is not a reason why proteins were thought to be the cell's carrier of genetic…

A: In cell division and reproduction, cells do not use proteins as a source of genetic material.

Q: Styles 11. Transmembrane proteins I. are often constructed from bundles of hydrophobic a-helices.…

A: Answer is A) I, II, III

Q: Determine what amino acid will be formed from the given DNA strand below:…

A: Introduction: DNA stands for 'deoxyribonucleic acid' and it is the hereditary material in humans and…

Q: Explain the effect(s) the following scenarios would have on DNA replication or translation. For each…

A: Replication describes how cells continue to divide after they have completed the process of cell…

Q: Briefly describe the structure of chromatin.

A: Chromatin is a complex of macromolecules composed of DNA, RNA and protein , which is found inside…

Q: Determine the effect of the following mutations on the DNA sequence. In each case, the mutation is…

A: Proteins are important for the normal functioning of the human body. Proteins are made of amino…

Q: is the relationship between the nucleus and the endomembrane system in protein synthesis?

A: The endomembrane system processes and ships proteins specified by the nucleus. In the nucleus, DNA…

Q: How to transfer biological information in protein synthesis? What is the link between DNA and…

A: Central Dogma is a flow of information that is present in the form of nucleotide sequence on the DNA…

Q: A DNA molecule that is 1000 base pairs in length would go molecule that is 200 base pairs in length.…

A: All living organisms store their genetic information in form of DNA / RNA. This genetic information…

Q: Give the specific function of centrosome.

A: A well-known regulator of the cell cycle of the animal cell that is known to microtubule organizing…

Q: What effect will phosphorylation have on the behaviour of a protein on a 2D gel? 1. The spot…

A: Phosphorylation is the post translation modification of proteins. Phosphorylation generally occurs…

Q: A Ramachandran Plot illustrates acceptable phi (φ) and psi (ψ) angles for amino acids in a…

A: Ramachandran plot is a representation of energetically favorable φ and ψ angles in polypeptides, for…

Q: Create a figure that includes a schematic of the topological map of AlaE. In your topological map,…

A: Topology data from 3 different techniques; hydropathy profile analysis, TMHMM and TOPCONS are…

Q: Here’s a Ramachandran plot. Give the dihedral angles--phi and psi--that are characteristic of a left…

A: Ramachandran plot: This is plot between torsional angles phi and psi that are present between…

Q: Describe the structure of DNA. The two strands of DNA are antiparallel. What does the term…

A: DNA contains all organism's order for growth, survival, and reproduction. DNA sequences must be…

Q: Explain the process by which symmetry is generated in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) membrane and…

A: The ER, also known as the endoplasmic reticulum, is where lipids are made. The Golgi complex is…

Q: What factors ensure accuracy in protein synthesis? How does the level of accuracy usually attained…

A: Replication:  It is a process of synthesis of a new DNA strand from the previously existing one.…

Q: Helicases are motor proteins that translocate on nucleic acids:   Describe the structure of the…

A: Helicases are enzymes present in the body. Helicase is necessary for the movement of pumps present…

Q: shows the structure of a DNA molecule. guanine E A B D Name A, B, C, D, and E. (ii) Make a quick…

A: They are double-stranded helix structure which is a polymer of four bases. Both the strands are…

Q: Describe in detail intercalation and groove binding interactions

A: DNA binding molecules are classified into- groove binders, intercalators and alkylators. Groove…

Q: . In the early days of ribosome research, before the exact role of ribo- somes was clear, a…

A: (a) The particles 100S and 130S denote the dimers or trimers of the 70S ribosome subparts. It is…

Q: In the early days of ribosome research, before the exact role of ribosomes was clear, a researcher…

A: Ribosomes : Ribosomes are the sites at which information carried in the genetic code converted into…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.