MULTIPLE CHOICE: Select the BEST ANSWER for each item by ENCIRCLING THE LETTER corresponding to the best choice.40.The following are techniques that create bands along the length of a chromosome, EXCEPT:Quinacrine banding C.Reverse banding D.Giemsa bandingCBG bandingA.В.1.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?All chromosomal rearrangements alter DNA sequence.Inversions are full-circle rotations of a chromosomal region.Reciprocal translocations involve exchange of chromosomal regions between nonhomologous chromosomes.Chromosomal rearrangements are often due to either chromosomal breakage or illegitimate crossing-over during pachytene.A.B.С.D.Methods of detecting chromosomal rearrangements:Genome sequencing2.FISHDNA microarray1.3.2.4.Polymerase chain reaction1 and 3 only2 and 4 onlyA.С.1, 2, and 3В.D.1, 2, 3, and 4Cri-du-chat syndromePart of the short arm of chromosome 5 is missing (5p-)Part of the short arm of chromosome 5 is missing (5q-)Small duplication in short arm of chromosome 7 or dup(7p)Microdeletion in long arm of chromosome 16 (16q-)3.AВ.С.D.4.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?Homozygotes (Del/Del) or hemizygotes (Del/Y) for most deletion-bearing chromosomes do not survive.An organism can survive with a chromosome deleted for more than a few genes only if the homologous chromosome has normal copies ofA.В.the missing genes.С.In deletion heterozygotes (Del/+), if the normal chromosome carries a mutant recessive allele of one of these genes, these individuals willexhibit the mutant phenotype.D.During leptotene, deletion loops form in the chromosomes of deletion heterozygotes.5.Which of the following is NOT TRUE of deletion loops?A deletion loop is an unpaired bulge of the normal chromosome that corresponds to the are area deleted from the other homolog.Genes found in the deletion loop cannot be separated by recombination.Progenies of Del/+ heterozygotes will always inherit the markers in a deletion loop as a unit.The map distances between genes within the deletion loop, as determined by the phenotypic classes in the progeny of a Del/+ individual,A.В.С.D.will be greater than 1.6.Which of the following statements is CORRECT?In tandem duplications, the copies of the region are not adjacent to each other.In nontandem duplications, the repeated copies lie adjacent to each other.In dispersed duplications, the copies may lie far apart on different chromosomes.Small duplications, involving one or two genes, near the centromere of human chromosome 15 may drastically affect the phenotype.A.В.С.D.7.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE of inversions?The inverted part of the chromosome is not only rotated but is also flipped over with respect to the orientation of its two componentА.strands.Pericentric inversions include the centromere.Paracentric inversions exclude the centromere.B.С.D.Majority of inversion heterozygosity does not affect fertility.8.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE of inversion loops?Inversion loops are observed in inversion heterozygotes during prophase I.In inversion loops, one chromosomal region rotates to conform to the similar region in the other homolog.Crossing-over within an inversion loop produces aberrant recombinant chromatids whether the inversion is pericentric or paracentric.In paracentric inversions with a single crossover within the inversion loop, each recombinant chromatid will have a single centromere butA.В.C.D.will be unbalanced in terms of gene dosage.9.arise from breaks at or near the centromeres of two acrocentric chromosomes, generating one large metacentric chromosomeand one very small chromosome.Reciprocal translocationPericentric inversionA.Robertsonian translocationС.В.Paracentric inversionD.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?In chronic myelogenous leukemia, leukemic cells have a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22.Burkitt lymphoma is an example of a translocation-induced cancer.Four percent of Down syndrome is due to a Robertsonian translocation between chromosomes 14 and 21.Cross-like configuration during prophase I occurs in translocation homozygotes.10.A.В.C.11.Which of the following is NOT TRUE of isochromosomes?Isochromosomes are chromosomes with identical arms.A.В.An isochromosome results from misdivision of the centromere during cell division, generating two copies of one chromosome arm butmissing the other arm.С.Isochromosomes are known for chromosomes 14 and 21, and the short arms of X and Y.Some Turner syndrome women have an isochromosome with the long arm of the X chromosome duplicated but the short arm absent.D.Which of the following is NOT TRUE of ring chromosomes?Ring chromosomes may arise when telomeres are lost, leaving sticky heads that adhere.Exposure to radiation can form rings.Phenotypes of ring chromosome syndromes include microcephaly, intellectual disabilities, slow growth, and unusual facial features.Only selected chromosomes may circularize.12.А.В.С.D.13.Which of the following statements about aneuploidy is INCORRECT?Aneuploids are individuals whose chromosome number is not an exact multiple of the haploid number for the species.Aneuploidy creates a genetic imbalance that is usually deleterious to the organism.Trisomies for chromosomes 1 and 2 are almost always aborted spontaneously in early pregnancy.Aneuploids for larger autosomes survive quite well compared with aneuploids for sex chromosomes.A.В.C.D. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Select the BEST ANSWER for each item by ENCIRCLING THE LETTER corresponding to the best choice.24.The following are requirements during culture maintenance, EXCEPT:Maintain sterility C.Maintain optimal temperatureMaintain optimal humidityA.В.Arrest cell division D.25.Aging of slides containing harvested cells enhances chromosome banding. Which of the following is NOT an aging technique?Overnight at 60°C C.One hour at 90°C D.Brief exposure to ultraviolet lightExposure to barium hydroxideA.В.26.Chromosome analysis of mature lymphocytes from a female patient revealed the following:Total number of chromosomes counted = 45; whole chromosome probe for sex chromosomes highlighted or "painted" only one X chromosome.Which of the following statements is consistent with the FISH findings of this patient?А.Patient has autosomal monosomy.Patient has Klinefelter syndrome.C.Patient has Turner syndrome.Patient has Edwards syndrome.В.D.What does 46,XX,del(7q) mean?A male missing part of the long arm of chromosome 7A male missing part of the short arm of chromosome 7A female missing part of the long arm of chromosome 7A female missin27.A.В.C.D.part of the short arm of chromosome 728.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?Shelterin complex protects telomeres from nucleases and NHEJ enzymes.Kinetochores directly attach chromosomes to the spindle.Cohesin complexes hold sister chromatids together.Shugoshin protects cohesin along the arms of the sister chromatids.A.В.С.D.29.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?Eukaryotic chromosomes have multiple origins of replication.Like DNA replication, synthesis of histones and nonhistone proteins is also semiconservative.Telomeres and telomerase provide a countermeasure to the limitation of DNA polymerase.Germ-line cells express telomerase and maintain their chromosomal ends through repeated rounds of DNA replication without the loss ofA.В.C.D.genes30.Shugoshin protects the cohesin at the centromere from being cleaved by separase duringMeiosis I C.MitosisA.В.Meiosis IID.Choices A, B, and C are correct.31.ShelterinA.Protein complex that keeps sister chromatids together until anaphaseProtein complex that protects telomeres from degradation and end-to-end fusionsComplex of DNA and proteins where spindle fibers attach to a chromosomeComplexes of DNA, protein, and RNA in the eukaryotic nucleusВ.С.D.32.Satellite DNAА.Repetitive DNA found near the centromere in higher eukaryotesBeadlike structure consisting of DNA wound around histone proteinsRegions of a chromosome that are distinguishable by staining differencesOrigin of replication in yeastВ.С.D.33.Which of the following statements about chromosomes and centromeres is INCORRECT?A centromere is a constriction visible on metaphase chromosomes.Centromere position is a useful marker for dividing chromosomes into karyotype groups.Centromeric protein-A replaces histone H3 in nucleosomes found at the centromere.Acentric and dicentric chromosomes are genetically stable chromosomes.A.B.C.D.34.Which of the following statements about euchromatin is INCORRECT?It is loosely organized, extended, and uncoiled.It contains active, early-replicating genes.It stains lightly with GTG banding (G-bands by trypsin and Giemsa).It regulates crossing over between homologous chromosomes during pachytene.A.В.С.D.35.Which of the following are considered sites of ribosomal RNA genes and ribosomal RNA synthesis?A.CentromeresС.TelomeresВ.KinetochoresD.Nucleolar organizing regions (NORS)36.The following are commonly used fluorochromes in fluorescence in situ hybridization, EXCEPT:A.FluoresceinС.Texas RedRhodamineВ.Silver nitrateD.37.TelomereA.Repetitive DNA found near the centromere of higher eukaryotesSpecialized structure at the end of a linear chromosomeOrigin of replication in yeastSmall basic proteins that bind to DNA and form the core of the nucleosomeВ.С.D.38.Which of the following is an indirect method of detecting extra chromosome?FISHC.Chorionic villus samplingА.Alpha fetoproteinВ.D.Amniocentesis39.Cell harvesting includes the following, EXCEPT:Application of colchicineSpreading of metaphase chromosomes D.A.C.FixationB.Sterility using microbial inhibitorsPage 5 of 8

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Description: MULTIPLE CHOICE: Select the BEST ANSWER for each item by ENCIRCLING THE LETTER corresponding to the best choice.40.The following are techniques that create bands along the length of a chromosome, EXCEPT:Quinacrine banding C.Reverse banding D.Giemsa