Most sports injuries are immediate and obvious, like a broken leg. However, some can be more subtle, like the neurological damage that may occur when soccer players repeatedly head a soccer ball. To examine long-term effects of repeated heading, Downs and Abwender (2002) examined two different age groups of soccer players and swimmers. The dependent variable was performance on a conceptual thinking task. Following is a hypothetical ANOVA table and matrix of means, similar to the research results.     College Older Soccer M = 9 M = 4 Swimming M = 9 M = 8       Describe the results of this study (each main effect and interaction). State the statistics (just the #’s) as they would appear in a research report (each main effect and interaction).

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Most sports injuries are immediate and obvious, like a broken leg. However, some can be more subtle, like the neurological damage that may occur when soccer players repeatedly head a soccer ball. To examine long-term effects of repeated heading, Downs and Abwender (2002) examined two different age groups of soccer players and swimmers. The dependent variable was performance on a conceptual thinking task. Following is a hypothetical ANOVA table and matrix of means, similar to the research results.
 
 



College

Older

Soccer

M = 9

M = 4

Swimming

M = 9

M = 8

 

 













 

  1. Describe the results of this study (each main effect and interaction).
  2. State the statistics (just the #’s) as they would appear in a research report (each main effect and interaction).
 
 
 
 
 
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