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A study was performed to test the effectiveness of aspirin in the treatment of
strokes. There were 155 patients in the study. A random sample of 78 of these
patients were placed in the “aspirin” group, and the remaining 77 in the “control”
group. After six months of treatment, all the patients were evaluated and their
condition recorded as either favorable or unfavorable. Of the 78 “aspirin” patients,
63 had favorable outcomes; of the 77 “control” patients, 43 had favorable
outcomes. We want to test the null hypothesis that the percentage of favorable
outcomes is the same between the two conditions.
Calculate the p-value and express what it means in plain words.
Do you reject the null hypothesis? State your conclusion in the context of the
original problem.
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- Show formulas please Migraine and Acupuncture: A migraine is a particularly painful type of headache, which patients sometimes wish to treat with acupuncture. To determine whether acupuncture relieves migraine pain, researchers conducted a randomized controlled study where 156 patients diagnosed with migraine headaches were randomly assigned to one of two groups: treatment or control. 76 patients in the treatment group received acupuncture that is specifically designed to treat migraines. 80 patients in the control group received placebo acupuncture (needle insertion at non-acupoint locations). 24 hours after patients received acupuncture, they were asked if they were pain free. Results are summarized in the contingency table below. Test to see if migraine pain relief is dependent on receiving acupuncture. Use αα = 0.1. Pain Free: Yes Pain Free: No Total Treatment 15 61 76 Control 7 73 80 Total 22 134 156 a) What is the correct null hypothesis? H0H0:…Researchers conducted trials to investigate the effects of color on creativity. Subjects with a red background were asked to think of creative uses for a brick; other subjects with a blue background were given the same task. Responses were scored by a panel of judges and results from scores of creativity are given in the accompanying table. Higher scores correspond to more creativity. The researchers make the claim that "blue enhances performance on a creative task." Assume that the two samples are independent simple random samples selected from normally distributed populations, and do not assume that the population standard deviations are equal. Complete parts (a) and (b). Click the icon to view the summary statistics. a. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that blue enhances performance on a creative task. What are the null and alternative hypotheses? OA. Ho: H₁ H₂ H₁: H₁ H₂ OC. Ho: H₁ H₂ H₁: H₁ H₂ The test statistic, t, is (Round to two decimal places as needed.) The…Internet addiction has been described as excessive and uncontrolled Internet use. The authors of a research article used a score designed to measure the extent and severity of Internet addiction in a study of 837 male and 874 female sixth-grade students in China. Internet Addiction was measured using Young's Internet Addiction Diagnostic Test. The lowest possible score on this test is zero, and higher scores indicate higher levels of Internet addiction. For the sample of males, the mean Internet Addiction score was 1.51 and the standard deviation was 2.02. For the sample of females, the mean was 1.01 and the standard deviation was 1.67. For purposes of this exercise, you can assume that it is reasonable to regard these two samples as representative of the population of male Chinese sixth-grade students and the population of female Chinese sixth grade students, respectively. The standard deviation is greater than the mean for each of these samples. Explain why it is not reasonable to…
- A paper published in the Journal of Dermatology and Venereology reported that nickel allergy more likely to occur in women who report cosmetic dermatitis from using eye shadow. The researcher has taken two samples in their study from a similar population. In the first sample of 131 women with cosmetic dermatitis from using eye shadow, 12 were diagnosed with a nickel allergy. While in the second sample of 250 women with cosmetic dermatitis from using eye shadow, 25 were diagnosed with a nickel allergy. Compute a 95% confidence interval that is a closely related but simpler alternative to Wilson's Method for the first and the second samples for the proportion of women with cosmetic dermatitis from using eye shadow who have a nickel allergy. (i) (ii) Compare the two confidence intervals you compute in (i). (i) Suppose you are informed that the true proportion of women diagnosed with a nickel allergy is 0.12. Explain it refers to which group.Researchers investigate how the presence of cell phones influence the quality of human interaction. Subjects are randomly selected from a population and divided into an experimental group that is asked to leave their phones in the front of the room and a control group that are not asked to leave their cell phones at the front of the room. Subjects are left alone for 10 minutes and then asked to take a survey designed to measure quality of interactions they had with others in the experiment. What statistical test is appropriate?A study was done comparing the effectiveness of exercise vs medication on loweringblood pressure in patients with high blood pressure. Two hundred subjects wererandomly assigned to two groups. One group was instructed to exercise according tostrict schedule, and the other group was given medication to take. After 3 months,the researchers compared the change in blood pressure between the groups and foundthat the exercise groups experienced a greater drop in blood pressure on average.a. Is this an observational study or an experimental study?b. Explain why a blind study would be difficult to do in this situation.
- Twenty middle-aged men with glucose readings between 90 milligrams per deciliter and 120 milligrams per deciliter of blood were selected randomly from the population of similar male patients at a large local hospital. Ten of the 20 men were assigned randomly to group A and received a placebo. The other 10 men were assigned to group B and received a new glucose drug. After two months, posttreatment glucose readings were taken for all 20 men and were compared with pretreatment readings. The reduction in glucose level (Pretreatment reading − Posttreatment reading) for each man in the study is shown here. Group A (placebo) reduction (in milligrams per deciliter): 12, 8, 17, 7, 20, 2, 5, 9, 12, 6 Group B (glucose drug) reduction (in milligrams per deciliter): 29, 31, 13, 19, 21, 5, 24, 12, 8, 21 Part A: Do the data provide convincing evidence, at the α = 0.02 level, that the glucose drug is effective in producing a reduction in mean glucose level? Part B: Create and interpret a 98%…Dr. Mackintosh believes a new olfactory therapy would be more successful in promoting weight loss among obese patients. His patients are first weighed and then randomly assigned to olfactory therapy, dance therapy, or a control condition. At the end of the three weeks, the amount of weight lost is recorded. The results indicate no significant difference in the amount of weight lost between the three conditions. If true differences existed between the conditions, but they were not detected, what kind of error occurred?An engineer is going to redesign an ejection seat for an airplane. The seat was designed for pilots weighing between 120 lb and 161 lb. The new population of pilots has normally distributed weights with a mean of 126 and a standard deviation of 29.6. If a pilot is randomly selected, find the probability that his weight is between 120 lb and 161 lb.The probability is approximately-----(Round to four decimal places as needed.)
- What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Test the difference p₁ - P2. Do not use rounded values. Round your final answer to two decimal places.) (c) Find (or estimate) the P-value. (Round your answer to four decimal places.) Sketch the sampling distribution and show the area corresponding to the P-value. 0-3 -2 -2 -1 -1 0 Read It 0 1 1 Watch it 2 2 3 0-3 ^ -1 0 1 -2 -2 -1 0 1 O At the a = 0.01 level, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude the data are not statistically significant. O At the a = 0.01 level, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude the data are statistically significant. 2 2 (d) Based on your answers in parts (a) to (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis? Are the data statistically significant at level a? O At the a = 0.01 level, we fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude the data are not statistically significant. O At the a= 0.01 level, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude the data are statistically significant. 3…A study in a journal published by the American Academy of Pediatrics (as reported in the Miami Herald, Jan. 14, 1997) seems to suggest that preschoolers who drink more than 12 ounces of fruit juice a day tend to be heavier and shorter than preschoolers who do not. The study involved a random sample of 168 healthy youngsters of whom 59 drank on average more than 12 ounces of fruit juice per day. Each child was weighed and measured. The measurements were then converted to percentage of normal height and weight for a child of that age and gender. For example, a weight percentage of 1.1 indicates that the child is 10% heavier than average. A recorded 0.80 indicates the child is 20% below the average. An average weight is recorded as 1.0. Same with height. Column 1: Juice 1- indicates child DID drink > 12 oz 2- child DID NOT drink > 12 oz Column 2: Weight% weight converted to percent of…A 2017 random study of 10,478 Bangladesh children tracked the washing habits of the children's mothers via random survey to understand the relationship of these habits with childhood wasting. The data provided include responses from mothers to two items in this survey. The first variable represents a household's access to food: food secure, mildly food insecure, moderately food insecure, or severely food insecure. The second variable represents the mothers' responses when asked whether they use soap when washing clothes. These researchers wish to study if there is a relationship between washing habits and food security. Are the conditions for a chi-square test of independence met? Did not use Used soap soap Food secure 921 Mildly food insecure 5591 81 200 Moderately 89 food insecure 203 Severely 825 Food insecure 2568 Not enough information No Yes
