Medications that prevent and treat influenza by binding to neuraminidase on the viral surface act against all the kinds of influenza viruses that infect humans. What does this imply about the nature of the interaction between the medications and the neuraminidase molecules?

Q: Can you please pick the right answer in each parentheses? The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a…

A: The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a carbohydrate

Q: Consider the separate stages of an animal virus life cycle. Assemble a short list of structures and…

A: Viruses are minute particles that are made up of only their genetic material which may be DNA or RNA…

Q: As a general rule, viruses are not considered to be alive based on several reasons. One such reason…

A: Viruses are small, microscopic organisms that contain either RNA or DNA as their genetic material.…

Q: Viruses that infect bacterial cells do not infect human cells, and viruses that infect human cells…

A: Virus is a non-living pathogenic agent which depends on its host for survival. It is  composed of…

Q: Are the HIV-1 protease inhibitors transition state analogs? Why or why not?

A: A drug that resembles the substrate portion of transition state of a reaction normally catalyzed by…

Q: Describe the life cycle of influenza virus. What function do the neuraminidase and haemagglutinin…

A: Introduction Influenza is a virus that affects our respiratory system, which includes our nose,…

Q: Which of the following is a known characteristic that can lead to genetic changes in some viruses?…

A: viruses need host cell machinery to replicate themselves.

Q: Most humans are not easily infected by avian influenza. How, then, do DNA sequences from avian…

A: Deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material of most organisms that carry coded genetic…

Q: Is a DNA polymerase generally required for an RNA virus? Why or why not?

A: No, a DNA polymerase is not generally required for an RNA virus. RNA viruses replicate their genetic…

Q: Aside from antibody-producing vaccines against spike proteins, describe at least 2 other therapeutic…

A: Vaccines are the most effective in preventing a viral infection as they allow the body to produce…

Q: D) polyhedral The first step in viral infection is the recognition between the virus and the host…

A: The virus is a microscopic organism that infects other cells to survive. The virus can only…

Q: That model includes two constants, “transm" and "recov;" use Ct instead of "transm," and use cr…

A: a) Equation for S'(t)   dS/dt=-aSI b)Equation for I'(t)    dI/dt=-aSI-bI c)Equation for R'(t)…

Q: When Wimmer and coworkers announced that they had synthesized the poliovirus, they created…

A: A pathogen or infectious agent is defined as a biological agent that will cause disease or illness…

Q: An animal virus can become latent inside the host cell as a provirus, What happens in this process…

A: Latent period is also known as the latency period or the pre-infectious period. Latent period is the…

Q: what impact could a mutation that makes the binding to the ACE-2 receptors stronger have on a…

A: virus are obligate parasites ,which becomes active when inside a living cell . they use many…

Q: All of the following are needed for coronavirus to infect the host and make more viral particles…

A: The coronavirus contains long RNA polymers in the core. Core is surrounded by capsid which is made…

Q: Briefly describe the events leading to the synthesis of viral proteins. Begin with the genome;…

A: It has been proposed that RNA was the earliest genetic material in primitive living forms. The DNA…

Q: What is the action mechanism of the antiretroviral drugs called protease inhibitors which are used…

A: A number of antiretroviral agents are used to treat HIV, although no complete cure for the disease…

Q: virus infects evolve to have the viral receptors

A: virus receptor can be defined as a host cell surface component recognized by the virus as a gateway…

Q: Explain by drawing or pictures the structure of influenza A virus subtype H1N1?

A: The influenza A virus subtype H1N1 was responsible for the 2009 swine flu outbreak. This outbreak…

Q: 2.1 In your own view, discuss the possible route of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an animal source…

A: "Virology" is a field of microbiology that studies many forms of viruses, covering their features,…

Q: What is the function of the major product of the unedited Ebola virus glycoprotein gene during…

A: The Ebola virus first emerged in 1976. Since then it has caused hemorrhagic fever in many countries.…

Q: Which of the following processes occurs in both lytic and nonlytic viral infections?(i) Infected…

A: Statement (i) Infected cell ruptures to release viral particles is only limited to lytic cycle…

Q: What is the exact role of each specific viral protein? Explain

A: Norovirus is a contagious virus that is responsible for inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract…

Q: You wish to produce a subunit vaccine for a nonenveloped positive‐sense RNA virus that will…

A: * There are two kinds of viruses based on presence of outer layer  Enveloped virus  Non enveloped…

Q: You have been hired by a major pharmaceutical company to develop a new vaccine to prevent COVID-19…

A: Virus comes from the Latin word venom which mean poisonous substance that may cause some serious…

Q: Describe Specialized transduction: transfer of specific genetic material by means of a virus…

A: Transduction is the process in which the foreign DNA is inserted into a cell by a viral vector or…

Q: Describe a drug therapy that has been used for patients infected with SARS COV2. What does it…

A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of an organism to resist pathogenic organisms that can cause…

Q: Research has found that 95% of the particles smaller or equal to the size of the COVID-19 virus will…

A: COVID 19 (Corona virus 2019) is a pandemic disease that is caused by SARS CoV-2 (Severe acute…

Q: Why is it essential that negative-strand viruses carry an enzymein their virions?

A: Negative-strand viruses are RNA viruses that have a negative sense genome that is single stranded…

Q: Match terms with descriptions based on the text above. You can use an answer more than once or not…

A: The terms prevalence and incidence are used to characterize the magnitude of a condition in a…

Q: In what part of the host cell does a herpesvirus genome replicate? Where does the viral genome…

A: Introduction  A host cell is a type of biological cell that is infected by a virus or other…

Q: An antimicrobial drug binds to the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme, preventing it from working.…

A: Reverse transcription is a critical step in the life cycle of retroviruses, and it is responsible…

Q: The viral genome needs to get to the nucleus for the virus that replicates in the nucleus. In other…

A: Viruses have genetic material either DNA or RNA that is surrounded by a protein coat. They require…

Q: One of the key biological characteristics of SARS-COV-2, as well as several other viruses, is the…

A: SARS-CoV-2 uses several members of Protein as active antigens. One of the most important is the…

Q: Many viruses organize their genomes with the non-structural and structural genes clustered together…

A: A Virus is a small electron microscopic parasite, incapable of reproducing by its own, survives by…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.