Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN:9781305073951
Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Chapter20: Viruses, Bacteria, And Archaea
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1DAA: Adapting to Host Defenses Surface proteins called HLAs allow white blood cells to detect HIV...
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Concept explainers
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
Topic Video
Question
![The MRNA has an additional information to make another protein. What is that
protein? What is its function?
How does having this additional information make the vaccine more effective?
DNA](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fd4278dee-aa5c-4b2a-b9bf-2493096cf55a%2F97654f4e-b866-450c-8c25-9d591faf35a8%2Ffozrl3d_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:The MRNA has an additional information to make another protein. What is that
protein? What is its function?
How does having this additional information make the vaccine more effective?
DNA
![The diagram below shows the Covid-19 virus with its spike protein. It also shows the area on the spike protein
which binds to the ACE2 receptor (receptor binding domain).
Corona Virus
Receptor Binding Domain (RBD)
Spike Protein
In order to get into a cell, the Covid-19 virus needs to bind to
the ACE2 receptor. Once bound it is brought into the cell. These
receptors are found on cells making up various tissues (oral and
nasal mucosa, nasopharynx, lung, stomach, small intestine,
colon, skin, lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow, spleen, liver, kidney,
and brain). The symptoms for Covid-19 are linked to the tissue
cells the virus infects. To the right is a diagram showing the biding
of the spike protein to the ACE2 receptor.
SARS-COV-2
Spike (S)
Host Cell
ACE2
acer](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fd4278dee-aa5c-4b2a-b9bf-2493096cf55a%2F97654f4e-b866-450c-8c25-9d591faf35a8%2Fpy2zd5_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:The diagram below shows the Covid-19 virus with its spike protein. It also shows the area on the spike protein
which binds to the ACE2 receptor (receptor binding domain).
Corona Virus
Receptor Binding Domain (RBD)
Spike Protein
In order to get into a cell, the Covid-19 virus needs to bind to
the ACE2 receptor. Once bound it is brought into the cell. These
receptors are found on cells making up various tissues (oral and
nasal mucosa, nasopharynx, lung, stomach, small intestine,
colon, skin, lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow, spleen, liver, kidney,
and brain). The symptoms for Covid-19 are linked to the tissue
cells the virus infects. To the right is a diagram showing the biding
of the spike protein to the ACE2 receptor.
SARS-COV-2
Spike (S)
Host Cell
ACE2
acer
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